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The directors of the AAI) Tj /F30 9.94 Tf 162.96 -.48 TD (, Jonathan Cuneo) Tj /F30 9.58 Tf 79.20 -.24 TD (, Esq.) Tj /F29 11.40 Tf 25.68 0.00 TD (, Albert H. Foer) Tj /F30 9.48 Tf 72.96 0.24 TD (, Esq.) Tj /F29 11.11 Tf 25.68 0.00 TD (, and) Tj /F29 11.38 Tf -366.48 -26.88 TD (Professor Robert Lande of the University of Baltimore Law School) Tj /F29 11.31 Tf 307.20 -.72 TD (, authorized this filing.) Tj /F29 11.39 Tf -307.44 -26.64 TD (The Advisory Board of the AAI consists of more than 90 prominent lawyers) Tj /F29 11.23 Tf 348.96 -.24 TD (, law professors) Tj /F29 11.43 Tf -348.96 -26.64 TD (economists and business leaders \(the members of the Advisory Board and other information) Tj /F29 11.35 Tf 0.24 -27.36 TD (about the AAI may be found on its web site: www.) Tj /F29 11.31 Tf 232.80 -.48 TD (antitrustinstitute.) Tj /F29 11.37 Tf 77.52 -.24 TD (org\). The members of the) Tj /F29 11.41 Tf -310.80 -26.64 TD (Advisory Board serve in a consultative capacity and their individual views may differ from) Tj /F29 11.70 Tf 0.00 -27.12 TD (the positions taken by the AA. ) Tj /F29 11.45 Tf 145.20 -.24 TD (The AAI's mission is to increase the role of competition and) Tj /F29 11.34 Tf -144.72 -27.12 TD (sustain the vitality of the antitrust laws.) Tj /F29 11.59 Tf 33.60 -27.12 TD (The AAI fies this brief to bring to the Commission) Tj /F29 11.47 Tf 239.76 -.48 TD (s attention matters that have not) Tj /F28 5.00 Tf -273.84 -26.64 TD (been briefed by the paries or other ) Tj /F29 5.00 Tf 162.48 -.24 TD (amici ) Tj /F29 11.57 Tf 28.32 0.00 TD (and to clarfy and elaborate on the AAI's) Tj /F28 5.00 Tf -191.04 -26.88 TD (recommendation concerning remedies in its initial ) Tj /F29 5.00 Tf 232.80 -.48 TD (amicus ) Tj /F29 11.52 Tf 35.04 -.24 TD (brief in this matter ) Tj /F29 12.08 Tf 88.32 0.24 TD (fied on May) Tj /F29 11.51 Tf -339.12 -26.64 TD (2004. As in its initial brief) Tj /F29 11.42 Tf 121.44 -.24 TD (, the AAI has no particular special insight into the underlying) Tj /F29 11.44 Tf -138.72 -27.12 TD (facts of this case and advocates a legal framework based on antitrust and economic principles) Tj /F29 11.54 Tf 0.24 -27.12 TD (without supporting a paricular outcome for or against any ) Tj /F29 11.04 Tf 268.80 -.48 TD (party.) 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The first is that the purposes of an ") Tj /F35 11.43 Tf 262.32 -2.64 TD (open standard" are inherently) Tj /F36 5.00 Tf -262.32 -24.24 TD (inconsistent with a patent policy that encourages and rewards invention with ) Tj 352.08 -3.60 TD (de jure ) Tj /F36 6.93 Tf 34.80 0.00 TD (rights to) Tj /F35 11.40 Tf -387.36 -23.52 TD (exclusivity. By placing control over the practice of an invention in the hands of a patentee) Tj /F35 11.41 Tf -.48 -27.36 TD (patent policy seeks to suppress un-remunerated imitation. By contrast) Tj /F35 11.31 Tf 318.24 -3.36 TD (, open standards) Tj /F35 11.41 Tf -318.48 -23.76 TD (particularly those related to interfaces in computer and information technology, are intended) Tj /F35 11.43 Tf -.24 -27.12 TD (to encourage wide scale imitation in order to promote ) Tj /F35 11.91 Tf 247.92 -2.64 TD (compatibilty and interoperabilty of) Tj /F35 11.37 Tf -248.16 -24.48 TD (implementations of the standard by different manufacturers.) Tj /F35 11.33 Tf 33.60 -27.60 TD (Second) Tj /F35 11.43 Tf 34.08 -.24 TD (, even when a standard contains patented technology, the demand for the) Tj /F35 11.45 Tf -68.16 -26.16 TD (economic benefit of the patented invention \(and its substitutes\) is separate and distinct from) Tj /F35 11.39 Tf -.24 -27.12 TD (the demand for the economic benefit of the standard itself.) Tj /F35 11.43 Tf 33.60 -27.36 TD (These principles suggest that the magnitude of a reasonable royalty, if any, should be) Tj /F36 5.00 Tf -34.08 -26.88 TD (calibrated to the degree of openness preferred ) Tj 210.96 -2.16 TD (ex ante ) Tj 35.76 -.24 TD (by the ) Tj /F35 5.00 Tf 30.96 -.48 TD (SSO ) Tj /F35 11.54 Tf 23.28 0.00 TD (participants. Moreover) Tj /F35 11.01 Tf 105.60 -.72 TD (, the) Tj /F36 5.00 Tf -407.04 -23.52 TD (ex ante ) Tj /F35 11.43 Tf 35.04 -.24 TD (competitive conditions in the market for Rambus) Tj /F35 11.35 Tf 225.84 -2.40 TD (' technology \(and its substitutes\)) Tj /F36 5.00 Tf -261.12 -24.48 TD (wil differ from the ) Tj 90.24 -.96 TD (ex ante ) Tj /F35 11.47 Tf 35.76 -.24 TD (competitive conditions in the market for the standard. To the) Tj /F35 11.37 Tf -126.48 -25.92 TD (greatest extent possible) Tj /F35 11.46 Tf 106.80 -.96 TD (, an appropriate remedy should restore competition in the market) Tj /F35 11.39 Tf -107.04 -25.92 TD (injured by the offending conduct) Tj /F35 11.45 Tf 174.96 -1.68 TD (the market for the standard. Finally, Rambus bears the) Tj /F35 11.44 Tf -175.20 -25.44 TD (burden of demonstrating that the royalties it claims are related to commercial demand for its) Tj /F35 11.43 Tf -.48 -27.12 TD (patented technology and not to the demand for JEDEC-compliant devices.) 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Rn'ޓ%#2T$B 4ص`T];IRH& 춮sFzN6TRlPjK`WVm8D-JL!(F^dBI-֩-U6EZi&  /Z'L)Ar(8a0x$:D`0&;i!Q:QQFzWda3;B64qA@A(T /5H_FSQ׽' #?hjTLpBaȴlKJ=_|)ؠǷI'@ 4C*~UUU;AN0_o:Vä2,wX4N1֟Dr 63:V:ooU_ #= dluG(A YWgI!j] ۤ}=P "% |b#0^TuW3_}UE.)q@p`FG#3Ԑ[꽇z:^W] tjqhX*!r`R@$έW_oHEv!}a:N iDAUM0 `ZYG6]ykm_߅Zo+IIv͔]ki 8(<-f_n?߷?MI?| 'E!7rMC `pCѳ5l'> stream q q 612.00 0.00 0.00 792.00 0.00 0.00 cm 0.00 0.00 0.00 rg /Im47 Do Q Q q BT 3 Tr /F48 11.12 Tf 90.96 699.60 TD (standard) Tj /F48 11.21 Tf 38.16 -.48 TD (, therefore) Tj /F48 11.40 Tf 46.56 -.48 TD (, may be undermined by the incentives to innovate created by patent) Tj /F49 10.72 Tf -85.44 -26.16 TD (policy. Similarly, intellectual property policies function properly when market paricipants) Tj /F48 11.49 Tf 0.24 -26.88 TD (are wiling to pay increased prices to stimulate technological innovation. However) Tj /F48 11.16 Tf 376.08 -3.84 TD (, when) Tj /F48 11.36 Tf -376.56 -23.04 TD (open standards are called for) Tj /F48 11.82 Tf 131.04 -1.68 TD (, paricipants are not willng and should not ) Tj /F48 11.36 Tf 201.84 -1.92 TD (be required to pay) Tj /F49 10.40 Tf -333.36 -23.52 TD (higher prices to stimulate such unnecessar incentives.) Tj /F48 11.41 Tf 33.60 -27.60 TD (Accordingly, the nature of ") Tj /F48 11.31 Tf 128.40 -1.20 TD (competition) Tj /F48 11.47 Tf 54.72 -.96 TD (" for an open standard ) Tj /F48 12.24 Tf 104.40 -.96 TD (wil differ ) Tj /F48 11.37 Tf 48.96 -.24 TD (materially) Tj /F48 11.42 Tf -370.56 -23.28 TD (from competition among patented technologies outside of the standards context. Because) Tj /F48 11.40 Tf -.24 -27.12 TD (implementers of open standards have strong preferences to avoid licensing and royalties) Tj /F48 11.02 Tf 402.72 -4.08 TD (, they) Tj /F48 11.49 Tf -402.96 -23.04 TD (are often wiling to eschew proprietary technology to promote openness even if doing so) Tj /F50 5.00 Tf 0.00 -27.12 TD (sacrifices technical superiority. This has important consequences for any hypothetical ) Tj /F49 9.80 Tf 393.60 -3.84 TD (ex ante) Tj /F49 10.17 Tf -394.08 -23.04 TD (negotiation between an SSO') Tj /F48 11.47 Tf 133.44 -1.44 TD (s members and one or more patentees proposing the adoption of) Tj /F48 11.61 Tf -133.68 -25.44 TD (a patented standard. In paricular) Tj /F48 11.18 Tf 149.76 -1.68 TD (, a remedy ) Tj /F50 8.02 Tf 49.68 -.72 TD (baring patent enforcement or ordering) Tj /F48 11.18 Tf -199.92 -24.72 TD (compulsory royalty-) Tj /F48 11.39 Tf 91.68 -.96 TD (free or low-royalty licensing that may ) Tj /F50 7.80 Tf 175.20 -1.92 TD (chil innovative ) Tj /F48 11.50 Tf 74.88 -.48 TD (activity outside of) Tj /F48 11.42 Tf -342.00 -23.76 TD (the standards context is unlikely to be objectionable where the goal of the remedy is to) Tj /F48 11.43 Tf -.48 -27.12 TD (establish the openness of a standard or rectify a hijacked deliberative process intended to lead) Tj /F48 11.27 Tf -.24 -27.12 TD (to an open standard.) Tj /F49 10.46 Tf 33.60 -27.36 TD (Evidence cited in the Commission) Tj /F48 11.36 Tf 161.52 -1.68 TD (s Opinion suggests that JEDEC') Tj /F48 12.04 Tf 148.08 -1.44 TD (s overrding) Tj /F48 11.44 Tf -343.68 -23.52 TD (mission was to create open standards to the greatest extent practicable. For instance) Tj /F49 9.87 Tf 382.80 -3.60 TD (, the) Tj /F48 11.45 Tf -383.04 -23.76 TD (Commission found that JEDEC members ") Tj /F48 11.39 Tf 197.52 -1.92 TD (were highly sensitive to costs) Tj /F48 11.48 Tf 135.12 -1.20 TD (" and ") Tj /F48 11.39 Tf 32.16 -.24 TD (keeping costs) Tj /F48 11.38 Tf -365.04 -23.52 TD (down was a major concern within JEDEC.) Tj /F48 11.45 Tf 194.88 -1.92 TD (" Decision) Tj /F48 11.46 Tf 48.96 -.48 TD (, at 74. One witness testified that) Tj /F48 11.54 Tf -239.04 -24.48 TD (customers are wiling to leave performance on the table in exchange for having lower cost) Tj /F48 10.99 Tf -5.28 -27.36 TD (systems) Tj /F48 11.38 Tf 35.76 -.24 TD (" \(Decision at 75) Tj /F48 11.49 Tf 78.00 -.72 TD (, note 406\), and a series of witnesses testified that knowledge of) Tj ET Q endstream endobj xref 1 2 0000197625 00000 n 0000197684 00000 n 44 7 0000197796 00000 n 0000197960 00000 n 0000240069 00000 n 0000198488 00000 n 0000198107 00000 n 0000198236 00000 n 0000198363 00000 n trailer << /Size 51 /Prev 197298 /Root 1 0 R >> startxref 243966 %%EOF % Page Description << /EndOffset 0000289432>> 1 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 2 0 R >> endobj 2 0 obj << /Type /Pages /Kids [3 0 R 10 0 R 17 0 R 24 0 R 31 0 R 37 0 R 44 0 R 51 0 R ] /Count 8 >> endobj 51 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 2 0 R /Resources 52 0 R /Contents 53 0 R /Rotate 0 /eCpyResolution 300 /MediaBox [0 0 612.00 792.00 ] >> endobj 52 0 obj << /XObject << /Im54 54 0 R>> /Font << /F55 55 0 R /F56 56 0 R /F57 57 0 R>> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC ] >> endobj 55 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /Type1 /Name /F55 /BaseFont /Times-Roman /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding >> endobj 56 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /Type1 /Name /F56 /BaseFont /Helvetica /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding >> endobj 57 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /Type1 /Name /F57 /BaseFont /Courier /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding >> endobj 54 0 obj << /Type /XObject /Subtype /Image /Name /Im54 /Width 2550 /Height 3300 /eCpyDPIX 300 /eCpyDPIY 300 /ImageMask true /Filter /CCITTFaxDecode /BitsPerComponent 1 /DecodeParms << /K -1 /Columns 2550 /Rows 3300>> /eCpyColor [0 0 0 ] /Decode [0 1 ] /Length 39566 >> stream ;4^?S3Q&!}&gF=l>WYgbU;/*`2Lk2vv#a~t-%_2 gi?diD䒯3*a.(L''@yPk'I|̿}d4oi-ã\ABaB f x'ˣt; xIpb<B =r9C8&\W ȶvv&x2胴t^7}L г>03΃!-tĒeG6}wzI>Z.M' B 42FPD?W~MȷIFZ&v&A OxUƺߓ7MMh]\0((@ʁ >3ΈUaq//VRjA?Ai (UAy! suf~_W~m&t&l:~AEۗm(*hiy"+=2Za_!VXptpPvL0(P 02C#i/!umWppd[i4s=j B`AAqO ং}ߠ_9%{}^ZP\'KGl7nha.]ppT'ۄiuo_a}̜NpW`E+ȷA>7&mRޝ/ z-ct);֕'$@܎Z=~k.vk0ߥ_ahuOҷUkpUO_?-?W!}5z۵_ba?׿x|_~??V'zkVy#!H ,d p؃+uiZm'_~_KĕKr, 0bJb)|}~{iG?7ka:&6"(G4{iX |4ե:_VU#KاW""" RM4itn G` |0ﴛoKC_oh/DG &֦3ib mMcIbal%_lo0A?&-4vV.kzH/o+>CL,0AA 'Kk߯aK+ &qATD` TצDDDC2p(t4A!_Y kK7]K׿_߈ϟajaRi񶒱[f+1i[WDDYGA= + a I5Q[m.DDD(SE-a.1A SAh&ÈI;ACDDDC0,4Tm a!Z 'DCtL͉C /Y]_(B!G\Dz^WH5WPgq-%)_Y4t&vv=Ӵ̪5Ȃ;wu&LqVJاb$ΖYe̫v̉w%pdvUA}R2:jMȐU_ _8g"B)ػ &\R@1J# yΆuUDy*  a_-@d fJ|OA7Hta(DhAA D= 5Aij#:O=A xTh\R@J"r)V"@m+JumI&v  0  f[ !}{oVwK '[:&"q[l &`@eи#4 "C"yFm~8 G-{ Mnvi)S  4 2)!Ԫ)8\7륯D{Xw _ծzZUO8-BBijM r<"͗ D-@FC0 {{ /5t0`AwE>6Bѹ%EMaUSw6=e;]/]&WW[I 6  NC/ur(_-ׇu~Ia|27uoZX|6_xKn?[_[ޗr8_?lQOA5Mbi{ikҵҵK^n,8L ACmH6PmaW@켩avuґD?"805jL1 ba 8>;J N]zV?oi#]{"qa3ݚ!݄]1L Sm}$JKK,wm +>XL&iPAHG $ӤQLW~mܑ5a/aQKL*)m`5Win)uiZkZ"P""" •LjC8A 8[I?l0gWu_o_~~""""",0*ثMa/VҵbU_m+K^K{3Z |ϖ WiW &G_^DDDDF=kb 6iU V_q`M)L 0 I6ث+vAVl-a U™M4qAA6AS (a&;bبDDDDDDQ\5 MqQL< qR{  ""6""""uBؙNL)aLTDIL-xt@g@ B7+73!0޴>v »Tv>*}} W,"{k’A\?;i&Q8ku;C )3d|lo]zRHErɈM&~"Ţh&xi0A B'-rkޝta>Dn&}NdT40P*Qh3,^[zMu:N 'Iꭉz Ƌ/!UBh3Ba0L1J"|'5K:ku{}tt'K\2(Z/.ڢ( L AS f D%>YbuV_K'A;7Ţ ͊L&Aa Bp:k5!i__K?v-+ ÆENMft] La 831s#As$3_Dt_C,82Pw.wEETN.D L ӄ5Iq"'!`d1H=__/otloi#i?B`i>lL iNӢn&DDŽ4#0 _K~ F/'Iuv ҥo|4CD8@`ˠkt^Qn_FאOXok׿zKI'G2-m]&l;ӠuK_ _;_Q~/ Ao&ڻkZ8_xzAB<1kүoK_jWU_CwC7 _-B ޢ4^❺JJJ{_&l/^ _1t)@Ml*lVa0E80~_a9 xK`?&?刽/4LrV&5 6!AV#bjA+_z_BGA']^GXan4D)OamXa&a94N _w[a*!ooK6"hE_6Y +aBa AaiZQَ uҵa_Wu}TDDDDDDJ&|S^hLTS ӆqG\4VQ#7K_znoϙ4N)BAZ׊NKK_?2 M~itȰ چ&vL0V~NuWkb""A> œM"( h ئ#[cwz0i/^[_| 0A 1,A oקK}/~ꒈM_h6GA0IBM=N xab[ZZW4XHOqgU5H0av6*#i6mu+ala?l%N$+:~Fd oLBM&ET{A7l% (jJՊUbVW1^""""""$3 j A¼4بC 0AR}*$b)A-Աj)M6PQMALDEGE`I?"0aF?DDDDc-G I/?@ՠ?TDG8A2 F`l};;'rV=g`2H@Yi’AF7$i^0Lյ|Kh6,qԛ% ^" ^NpAhXA3<lRts" _z?蝶' :4hY=Bqɂ:΋UU֕Ln,4IB' &;}0`36`gAo\}^Liڤo ¨$;85L e$f΄CG]uJ BڴnzhO i&4B \=VNӺT)74dAˋ=oDŦUU8dQ=>Ƌʲ Dݢc H0Gۯۣ~ba N4&ܝm 'OUE R m GPia:'bgi?KA~D##cw.m}t K^_/?U\'a/ҾV I W_yui^z_D⫰ۯ_IcE#r7 Wkvl&G^VOkvA'v#siZo_^AdXAL0\Em*QV[ [u߯"^pŸU @`MDw \%K_#ߵwDDDy[ J&0Abx_7kkH گ 𮋈O0L03 #.P֜2惢憋M0!Gg>ND;6֓~'X͗S  RN_pdx&Ʈ8 n-Dh0B zIЮ(!+Slg΅B$^O^r<  hgDNp`C"AA쐆G 1MoӮO'DŢ|hX@Fi \gQB=?_Do=unn]oJ) t& 9zDႂ aH! d'*(9S"lFu"!/A~5O.5l'c/zNp6,7â Q4 =44/03Fa36`d1% D΂߰[zh}m6 yT'E 5EPPT ÿ//;BǪoR}'zzo,1eR 'E_Gm)b~?ޝ~e'jui6Ã#LUkM{@J_ jKnt{CoOC_@[h]~ujHοK}?~/\ L{#~ kie=]o뤶+o _WI|A넵mwKKM/KK m _-_kh00A!h4҆aKz7uoD>z x 頃q@Q{ۮk_"~K{u_XBer &4/T؄Si5UR?cY#_ V_S;]3A" ШA mWWCZ_ *a4[h lA J6 *}}_QJI!_ l&?bb rQcWl%﷯_0XҲG.+& =ҍ[Iy '`%Z9DDDYAiªAvŻk4 kR`!4էr$- M8KՊ>jvuW4"" 9[J+ba06l v"^ޓaKu""!Ceb )1i{h ڄAl0LiS78W ``VbALPa2+ap*DDDDDE *hJjkMSZ~]!=""85'HU^ȣ}*)YIj !5|4ªbTԀVigpQ- (`fhkѠ}$`M 27* ! +rn,i4rS 22(@0)ˆQy2K H_ԇMN``!H]lI/IQ H 86yk8  b;[T,S_w}|82;zg`\d *!|Y9oI]'۠m! 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Decision at 75) Tj /F55 11.41 Tf 217.68 -1.92 TD (, note 407. Some implementers pursue a) Tj /F55 11.39 Tf -218.40 -25.44 TD (policy of embracing only open standards in certain circumstances and actively oppose the use) Tj /F55 11.03 Tf 0.24 -26.88 TD (of any royalty-) Tj /F56 10.35 Tf 66.24 -.48 TD (bearng elements in standard specifications.) Tj /F55 11.44 Tf -32.64 -26.88 TD (Similarly, JEDEC itself claims to have a ") Tj /F57 7.46 Tf 193.44 -1.68 TD (strong aversion to including royalty-) Tj /F55 11.29 Tf 166.08 -.96 TD (bearing) Tj /F55 11.36 Tf -394.08 -24.48 TD (patents in JEDEC standards.) Tj /F55 11.45 Tf 130.56 -.96 TD (" JEDEC Br. on Remedies at 5. Citing a series of policy) Tj /F55 11.34 Tf -130.32 -25.92 TD (statements that reach back more than twenty years) Tj /F55 11.47 Tf 229.44 -1.92 TD (, JEDEC claims that its ") Tj /F56 10.31 Tf 114.72 -.96 TD (goal is to) Tj /F55 11.48 Tf -344.88 -24.24 TD (promulgate open standards that can be used widely by the industry...) Tj /F55 5.00 Tf 323.04 -2.64 TD (Id. ) Tj /F55 11.30 Tf 16.32 0.00 TD (at 4. JEDEC) Tj /F55 11.43 Tf -339.60 -24.48 TD (permits patented technology to enter its standards but only with ") Tj /F57 7.05 Tf 298.32 -2.40 TD (great care.) Tj /F55 5.00 Tf 55.44 -.24 TD (!d. ) Tj /F55 11.31 Tf 15.60 0.00 TD (at 5. As a) Tj /F55 11.24 Tf -369.36 -24.48 TD (result) Tj /F57 5.00 Tf 25.44 -.24 TD (, if the Commission concludes that JEDEC and its paricipants as an ) Tj /F55 5.00 Tf 315.12 -2.40 TD (SSO ) Tj /F55 11.34 Tf 23.76 0.00 TD (placed a high) Tj /F55 11.37 Tf -364.08 -24.48 TD (value on openness, they would not) Tj /F57 5.00 Tf 157.68 -1.20 TD (, in any conceivable hypothetical ) Tj 153.12 -1.20 TD (ex ante ) Tj /F55 11.36 Tf 35.76 -.24 TD (negotiation) Tj /F56 9.78 Tf 51.84 -.24 TD (, have) Tj /F55 11.43 Tf -398.88 -24.00 TD (chosen the Rambus specification absent a concomitant and enforceable license-) Tj /F55 10.97 Tf 364.08 -2.88 TD (free) Tj /F55 11.00 Tf 17.76 0.00 TD (, royalty-) Tj /F55 11.34 Tf -382.08 -24.24 TD (free or low-royalty commitment from the patentee.) Tj /F55 12.36 Tf 67.92 -27.84 TD (Restoring Competition in a Market for a Standard is Not) Tj /F55 12.34 Tf 0.00 -13.68 TD (Equivalent to Restoring Competition in a Market for Patented) Tj /F55 11.81 Tf 0.00 -13.44 TD (Technology) Tj /F57 5.00 Tf -35.04 -26.64 TD (As a result of the foregoing, approximating a hypothetical ) Tj 268.56 -1.92 TD (ex ante ) Tj /F55 11.41 Tf 35.76 -.24 TD (negotiation aimed) Tj -338.16 -24.72 TD (at restoring competition lost as a result of Rambus) Tj 230.64 -1.68 TD (' failure to disclose its relevant patents) Tj /F57 5.00 Tf -230.88 -25.20 TD (must consider the ) Tj 83.76 -.48 TD (ex ante ) Tj /F55 11.47 Tf 35.28 -.24 TD (intentions of JEDEC with respect to openness. Conflating the) Tj /F55 11.44 Tf -119.28 -26.40 TD (market for an open standard with the market for technology that can serve as a standard) Tj /F56 10.20 Tf 0.00 -27.36 TD (should be avoided. Thus) Tj /F57 5.00 Tf 112.08 -.72 TD (, because the ) Tj 61.44 -.48 TD (ex ante ) Tj /F55 11.49 Tf 35.28 -.24 TD (auction model of reasonable and) Tj /F55 9.14 Tf -206.16 -54.24 TD (See) Tj /F55 9.65 Tf 36.72 0.00 TD (Decision at 75 \(") Tj /F55 7.99 Tf 66.48 662.64 TD (...) Tj /F55 9.61 Tf 6.72 -663.12 TD (Sun \(Microsystems\) as a company would have strongly opposed the use of) Tj /F55 9.18 Tf -113.28 -10.80 TD (royalty-) Tj /F56 8.70 Tf 29.52 -.24 TD (bearing elements in an interface patent-) Tj /F55 9.58 Tf 153.36 -.96 TD (in an interface specification) Tj ET Q endstream endobj xref 1 2 0000244293 00000 n 0000244352 00000 n 51 7 0000244471 00000 n 0000244635 00000 n 0000285062 00000 n 0000245163 00000 n 0000244782 00000 n 0000244911 00000 n 0000245038 00000 n trailer << /Size 58 /Prev 243966 /Root 1 0 R >> startxref 289154 %%EOF % Page Description << /EndOffset 0000335268>> 1 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 2 0 R >> endobj 2 0 obj << /Type /Pages /Kids [3 0 R 10 0 R 17 0 R 24 0 R 31 0 R 37 0 R 44 0 R 51 0 R 58 0 R ] /Count 9 >> endobj 58 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 2 0 R /Resources 59 0 R /Contents 60 0 R /Rotate 0 /eCpyResolution 300 /MediaBox [0 0 612.00 792.00 ] >> endobj 59 0 obj << /XObject << /Im61 61 0 R>> /Font << /F62 62 0 R /F63 63 0 R /F64 64 0 R>> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC ] >> endobj 62 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /Type1 /Name /F62 /BaseFont /Times-Roman /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding >> endobj 63 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /Type1 /Name /F63 /BaseFont /Courier /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding >> endobj 64 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /Type1 /Name /F64 /BaseFont /Helvetica /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding >> endobj 61 0 obj << /Type /XObject /Subtype /Image /Name /Im61 /Width 2550 /Height 3300 /eCpyDPIX 300 /eCpyDPIY 300 /ImageMask true /Filter /CCITTFaxDecode /BitsPerComponent 1 /DecodeParms << /K -1 /Columns 2550 /Rows 3300>> /eCpyColor [0 0 0 ] /Decode [0 1 ] /Length 40205 >> stream _A,vki2/"yAC9Bq0 ZI0j*gcW K6>dӆ6%IOm6ػd~ۨT)[&j3R8_]ƴ2D)dQ8Φ߆v3P0vgav CaQD6HdJL@Z/*tM(PS OA BLr'~`Vw"\&d; 2;дªh:L ~Gi kl&֖d[_bg2g/' R@ٝ }; ޡ>K4ABњFte:_n_==Wӯ;OUuol"oP-84@BDlg36tJnaVxx vtt8!<4 D>|FsdxMi6 ''EDƩpTh(AA>KWW}צ1 D=g? 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Tj /F62 5.00 Tf -46.32 -26.88 TD (SSO ) Tj /F63 7.73 Tf 23.52 -.24 TD (paricipants under the impression that they were ) Tj /F62 11.39 Tf 222.72 -1.68 TD (engaged in selecting an open) Tj /F63 5.00 Tf -280.32 -24.96 TD (standard free of encumbrance by proprietary rights should not be required to obtain ) Tj /F62 11.31 Tf 382.56 -2.88 TD (any) Tj /F62 11.40 Tf -382.80 -24.24 TD (license if the standard ultimately selected is not open because of misleading or deceptive) Tj /F62 11.35 Tf -.48 -26.88 TD (conduct by a rightholder. A remedy, therefore) Tj /F62 11.62 Tf 209.28 -1.92 TD (, that saddles such paricipants with even a) Tj /F62 10.92 Tf -209.52 -25.20 TD (royalty-) Tj /F62 11.44 Tf 35.04 -.24 TD (free compulsory license would not restore the market for the open standard to what it) Tj /F62 11.36 Tf -35.04 -26.88 TD (would have been but for the unlawful conduct.) Tj /F62 12.09 Tf 67.92 -28.08 TD (Some Forms of Patent Licensing Are Consistent With a Less-) Tj /F62 12.38 Tf 299.04 -1.92 TD (than-) Tj /F64 11.30 Tf -299.04 -11.28 TD (Fully Open Standard) Tj /F62 11.39 Tf -34.80 -26.64 TD (A fully open standard may not be achievable) Tj 204.72 -1.68 TD (, either because any technology that) Tj /F62 11.43 Tf -238.80 -24.96 TD (complies with a chosen standard ) Tj /F63 7.97 Tf 151.44 -1.20 TD (wil be proprietar or because any reasonable ) Tj /F62 11.26 Tf 210.48 -1.44 TD (alternative) Tj /F62 11.41 Tf -362.16 -24.48 TD (specification for a standard ) Tj /F63 7.91 Tf 126.72 -.96 TD (wil implicate ) Tj /F63 5.00 Tf 66.48 -.72 TD (some patented technology. In such cases an ) Tj /F62 11.12 Tf 201.84 -1.20 TD (SSO) Tj /F62 11.38 Tf -395.28 -24.48 TD (may choose to adopt a ") Tj /F62 11.13 Tf 109.44 -.72 TD (less-) Tj /F62 11.21 Tf 21.12 0.00 TD (than-) Tj /F62 11.29 Tf 23.52 -.24 TD (fully open) Tj /F62 11.47 Tf 46.56 -.48 TD (" standard. Where patent rights cannot be avoided) Tj /F63 5.00 Tf -200.88 -25.44 TD (and the ) Tj /F62 5.00 Tf 36.00 -.24 TD (SSO ) Tj /F63 5.00 Tf 23.76 -.24 TD (does not outright prohibit patented specifications ) Tj /F62 9.58 Tf 227.76 -1.68 TD (\(e.) Tj /F62 11.44 Tf 25.68 -.24 TD (JEDEC) Tj /F62 11.37 Tf 35.28 0.00 TD (, JEDEC Br. at) Tj /F62 11.43 Tf -348.72 -24.48 TD (5\), the standards body usually strives for openness by requiring patentees to make some form) Tj /F62 5.00 Tf -.24 -27.36 TD (of ) Tj /F63 5.00 Tf 12.24 0.00 TD (ex ante ) Tj /F62 11.41 Tf 35.04 -.24 TD (pre-commitment to openness.) Tj /F62 11.44 Tf -13.44 -26.88 TD (Different SSOs pursue different IP-neutralizing strategies in such circumstances) Tj /F62 9.74 Tf -31.44 -41.76 TD (Daniel G. Swanson and Willam J. Baumol) Tj /F62 9.25 Tf 166.08 658.32 TD (, ") Tj /F62 9.82 Tf 8.64 -659.76 TD (Reasonable and Nondiscrimnatory ) Tj /F62 10.55 Tf 138.24 -.96 TD (\(RAD\) Royalties) Tj /F62 9.55 Tf -315.84 -9.12 TD (Standards Selection) Tj /F62 9.58 Tf 76.32 -.48 TD (, and Control of Market Power) Tj /F62 9.62 Tf 120.00 -.96 TD (" 73 Antitrust L. J. 1 \(2005\).) 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RWq*_WtIp">M%@9g3Zϑ>laf#O*KTKUK ]!JJ'ӻO uW% 'hQ͍_D}x&4Q0MBz& DDL'6^UJֵ]^k%޾~tm'䮁(vwEEBӋjŻzKR]URU_RTRsrc~tuuºVI𞞟2, #{eov۽UVKҮtJ'n_28EB{ mt`'iV6J{!~:nn_ҽ7/ꫥW__Lסv{R{;w^{־-*KuRA "(;z떝p!K#KVڿ$]zKHuIWUK-/я ^Pl+wuHzG[v!ӫK+__9Jb=-j5 UWU[UuQPI&+BݠM^xj`J |ϐa0V3P _iR""""x  I'[Hb$7ZJҍZTQ`ˌ[K(az]flKT+f6 p尀UI* ,0aGP?쒧 endstream endobj 67 0 obj << /Length 3795 >> stream q q 612.00 0.00 0.00 792.00 0.00 0.00 cm 0.00 0.00 0.00 rg /Im68 Do Q Q q BT 3 Tr /F69 11.35 Tf 90.00 701.76 TD (depending on the strength of their preferences for openness.) Tj /F69 11.37 Tf 279.12 -1.68 TD (A patentee could be required to) Tj -279.12 -25.20 TD (disclaim its rights to enforcement) Tj /F69 11.30 Tf 152.64 -.96 TD (, make a commitment to a royalty-) Tj /F69 11.37 Tf 156.72 -.72 TD (free license) Tj /F69 11.16 Tf 52.80 -.24 TD (, or agree to) Tj /F69 11.22 Tf -362.40 -25.20 TD (license on ) Tj /F69 14.94 Tf 48.00 -.48 TD (RAD ) Tj /F69 11.42 Tf 35.28 0.00 TD (terms as a condition to the inclusion of the patented technology in the) Tj /F69 10.89 Tf -83.28 -26.64 TD (standard.) Tj /F69 11.42 Tf 32.88 -27.36 TD (When a RAND commitment is given by a patentee for the purpose of satisfying an) Tj /F69 10.52 Tf -33.36 -26.88 TD (SSO') Tj /F69 11.39 Tf 24.48 -.24 TD (s goal of openness, the ") Tj /F69 11.33 Tf 111.12 -.48 TD (reasonableness) Tj /F69 11.45 Tf 68.64 -.48 TD (" requirement takes on a quality that does not) Tj /F70 10.19 Tf -204.48 -25.68 TD (occur when ) Tj /F69 15.04 Tf 54.96 -.48 TD (RAD ) Tj /F69 11.41 Tf 35.52 0.00 TD (commitments are offered outside of the standard-setting context.) Tj /F69 11.43 Tf -90.48 -26.64 TD (Specifically, if the purpose of the RAND commitment is to further the open availability of) Tj /F69 11.26 Tf -.48 -26.88 TD (the standard) Tj /F69 11.44 Tf 55.20 -.48 TD (, a royalty rate that is not consistent with such openness cannot be ") Tj /F69 11.24 Tf 309.12 -1.44 TD (reasonable.) Tj /F69 11.15 Tf -364.32 -25.20 TD (In other words) Tj /F69 11.39 Tf 66.24 -.24 TD (, in the context of open standards royalty rates can only be RAND if they are) Tj /F69 11.37 Tf -66.24 -26.88 TD (low enough that the openness of the standard is not thereby impaired.) Tj /F69 11.42 Tf 36.24 -27.36 TD (Calibrating the reasonableness of a royalty under a ) Tj /F69 14.94 Tf 234.72 -1.44 TD (RAD ) Tj /F69 11.42 Tf 35.28 0.00 TD (commitment according to) Tj /F71 5.00 Tf -306.72 -25.20 TD (the degree of openness intended ) Tj 149.04 -.96 TD (ex ante ) Tj /F69 11.40 Tf 35.28 -.24 TD (by the implementers is not free from ambiguity.) Tj /F69 11.15 Tf -184.56 -25.92 TD (Nonetheless) Tj /F69 11.42 Tf 55.68 -.24 TD (, doing so does provides a rough upper bound under which a royalty rate for a) Tj -56.16 -26.88 TD (patented standard must reside for the standard to remain open. Thus) Tj /F69 11.43 Tf 310.80 -1.44 TD (, assuming that the) Tj /F69 11.45 Tf -311.04 -25.68 TD (purpose of the standard setting activities at issue was to develop a standard with a high) Tj /F69 11.24 Tf 0.24 -26.88 TD (degree of openness) Tj /F69 11.45 Tf 87.12 -.72 TD (, were the Commission to determine that a ) Tj /F69 11.69 Tf 196.80 -.96 TD (paricular proposed royalty rate) Tj /F69 11.42 Tf -284.16 -25.44 TD (would materially adversely affect the breadth or variety of implementers of the standard) Tj /F69 11.11 Tf 402.72 -1.68 TD (, such) Tj /F69 11.34 Tf -402.72 -25.44 TD (a proposed rate would be too high.) Tj /F69 9.56 Tf 2.40 -82.80 TD (See generally, Jonathan Band) Tj /F69 8.98 Tf 113.76 660.00 TD (, ") Tj /F69 9.50 Tf 8.88 -660.48 TD (Competing Definitions of ') Tj /F69 9.51 Tf 104.16 -.48 TD (Openness) Tj /F69 10.37 Tf 37.92 -.24 TD (' on the Ni) Tj /F69 9.82 Tf 54.00 -.24 TD (Standards Policy for) Tj /F70 9.15 Tf -322.08 -9.60 TD (Information Infrastructure) Tj /F69 9.62 Tf 107.28 -.72 TD (B. Kahin and J. Abbate) Tj /F70 7.75 Tf 90.24 -.48 TD (, eds.) Tj /F69 9.58 Tf 20.16 0.00 TD (, The MIT Press, Cambridge) Tj /F69 9.51 Tf 110.16 -.48 TD (, Ma. \(1995\).) 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[b$&&Y| CN"vf2>Ց0!3#ٛɱhԱ<5PG3ܔ~੝ŴM; vLD߿z ;;&2,wwXENa6 ރA ?&j^$gu"FyW|[Wh2|Pd7PPDAp\vOb^\d!fF~N_iB|XC 5fd`S~0E! LA 2*׶!3Ni7BW[ &cAa0A#c@"e spfh6瑡wGa1p'i&\huE LxT @Sxǜo3AL";^mV,%n$t}^Pp г\3 WONUWW}Ҿ:MO4zIoF6wKal &ۤ p_#<AA\P_-}]oA㠃q;qC ݄*h0L 8>3Ϣ$""}'?kݻ+%K߰}2↍tT<&lC0Ax"$0E'"qQ7X2O_1_0_^u^߮XKKmmaHql ?vB; `q3fIM3l_a֛BV>c_Ea/8I]; dH' ]&"AEk_ 7O wB3dila>_aL6V/?^n}k(mտۦI 4ղ n/(EۋEukiom뤋{im_R&Cu[׾׿a6dN 4Wa q_L`B]~0OOb oế_ 鿯"c.~c_ֽi/~}ۯuQ٧6_o-;&U1 +n=Mko_~OW[Ǡou_pj$޽xi[o_׿ZޗTo.ao^0m a$m*0a;m-[Uz_m4L TR <4AH0i*va}K/a?mawOͽ_n(|0:M&&qY 0cxiF±4Ջ;m$wA""""" !MOy}=G8QM'S#z L8v&Zlv(M gJL&Ss&[' )m6E+ KQHYCA0ɛI,qZI-̟T(RZjMXXʡ#ZD1) 0NL$pXkav B.E Idz Ki [#YPA NYRmT jh@?U.;'@cA{AÆ --NtJm6`"LE׮Ki~$TƷ\|'aDClrժIc_?ڶnoov˘D$Sfg-ȎEwaO](lXL; gw๘">Ώ+K/}M׾/;F/a a:@뾓vd$NEEkh/KIGquNxw m iD$2n U͐auUQDT9Uam.IC[MJMڡTAUO ⵆDDDDEy0R_ThDDlAa2Zm"]> stream q q 612.00 0.00 0.00 792.00 0.00 0.00 cm 0.00 0.00 0.00 rg /Im75 Do Q Q q BT 3 Tr /F76 12.05 Tf 90.48 699.60 TD (II.) Tj /F76 12.33 Tf 33.60 -.24 TD (An Appropriate Remedy Wil Not Reward Rambus for Demand for the) Tj /F76 12.83 Tf 0.00 -13.68 TD (Standard) Tj /F76 11.41 Tf 0.00 -26.88 TD (Tbe second principle that should guide the Commission in fashioning a remedy in this) Tj /F76 11.33 Tf -33.84 -26.64 TD (matter is that Rambus) Tj /F76 11.39 Tf 100.56 -.72 TD (' patents do not entitle it to a reward for commercial demand) Tj -100.56 -26.16 TD (attributable to the economic benefits of the standard) Tj /F76 11.44 Tf 237.60 -1.68 TD (, as opposed to the economic benefits of) Tj /F76 11.29 Tf -237.84 -25.44 TD (its patented inventions.) Tj /F76 11.25 Tf 105.36 3.84 TD (5 According to Professor Patterson) Tj /F76 11.41 Tf 158.16 -5.76 TD (, this insight has two important) Tj /F76 11.12 Tf -264.00 -25.20 TD (implications:) Tj /F76 11.47 Tf 67.92 -27.84 TD (The first implication is that the patented invention should be) Tj /F76 11.43 Tf 0.00 -13.68 TD (treated as only one contributor to the economic value of the) Tj /F76 11.44 Tf 0.24 -13.68 TD (standard. The second implication is that the other contributions) Tj /F77 11.40 Tf -.24 -13.44 TD (of a standard-) Tj /F76 11.94 Tf 70.32 -.48 TD (like interoperability-should be given) Tj /F77 10.28 Tf -70.56 -12.96 TD (independent legal significance.) Tj /F76 11.45 Tf -34.56 -26.88 TD (Disentangling commercial demand attributable to the patent from the demand) Tj /F76 11.40 Tf -33.84 -26.64 TD (attributable to the standard may not always be easy. Consideration of the polar cases can aid) Tj /F76 11.37 Tf -.48 -27.12 TD (the analysis. At one extreme) Tj /F76 11.43 Tf 129.84 -.72 TD (, technology is so unique and essential that no standard would) Tj /F76 11.44 Tf -130.08 -26.40 TD (exist but for the existence of the patented innovation. In that case) Tj /F76 11.37 Tf 298.56 -1.92 TD (, the patented technology) Tj /F78 5.00 Tf -298.80 -24.96 TD (would have become the ) Tj 110.88 -.96 TD (de facto ) Tj 39.60 -.24 TD (standard anyway, irrespective of adoption by an ) Tj /F76 5.00 Tf 222.00 -1.20 TD (SSO ) Tj /F76 11.14 Tf 23.76 0.00 TD (and) Tj /F76 11.46 Tf -396.48 -24.72 TD (little or no demand should be attributed to the standard. At the other extreme) Tj /F76 11.51 Tf 351.84 -2.16 TD (, a multitude of) Tj /F76 11.41 Tf -351.84 -25.20 TD (alternative specifications are available to serve as a standard) Tj /F76 11.42 Tf 275.52 -1.68 TD (, in which case incorporating) Tj /F76 11.43 Tf -276.24 -25.20 TD (patented technology is unlikely to be ) Tj /F77 10.48 Tf 171.36 -1.20 TD (necessar and would serve no useful ) Tj /F76 11.53 Tf 170.16 -.96 TD (purpose. If) Tj /F76 11.44 Tf -341.76 -24.96 TD (patented technology nonetheless found its way into such a standard) Tj /F76 11.79 Tf 308.40 -1.92 TD (, all the demand stil) Tj /F76 11.44 Tf -308.16 -25.20 TD (would be due solely to the benefits of the standard because separate demand for the patent) Tj /F76 9.58 Tf 2.64 -46.32 TD (The following discussion draws heavily from Mark R. Patterson) Tj /F76 6.61 Tf 246.72 639.60 TD (, ") Tj /F76 9.55 Tf 6.24 -641.04 TD (Inventions) Tj /F76 9.57 Tf 41.28 -.24 TD (, Industry Standards) Tj /F76 9.26 Tf 77.52 -.48 TD (, and) Tj /F76 9.50 Tf -374.88 -9.12 TD (Intellectual Property,) Tj /F76 9.52 Tf 80.88 -.72 TD (" 17 BerkeleyTech.) Tj /F76 9.28 Tf 74.40 -.24 TD (L.J.) Tj /F76 9.29 Tf 18.00 -.24 TD (1043 \(2002\).) Tj /F76 5.00 Tf -170.64 -21.84 TD (Id. ) Tj /F77 8.23 Tf 13.20 0.00 TD (at 1045.) 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Tj /F83 11.42 Tf 33.12 -27.36 TD (The foregoing suggests that in order to avoid rewarding Rambus for the commercial) Tj /F83 11.40 Tf -33.60 -26.88 TD (demand attributable to the standard rather than its inventions) Tj /F83 11.38 Tf 277.68 -1.92 TD (, Rambus should bear the burden) Tj /F83 11.39 Tf -278.16 -25.20 TD (of justifying any claimed royalty rate with sufficient evidence to allow the Commission to) Tj /F83 11.42 Tf 0.00 -26.88 TD (conclude that the relevant patents materially contribute to the commercial demand for) Tj /F83 11.40 Tf -.24 -27.12 TD (compliance with the standard. Thus, Rambus should be entitled to enforce a royalty-) Tj /F83 11.37 Tf 385.44 -2.40 TD (bearing) Tj /F83 11.41 Tf -385.44 -24.48 TD (license if and only if the Commission finds by clear and convincing evidence that but for the) Tj /F83 11.33 Tf -.24 -27.12 TD (incorporation of Rambus) Tj /F83 11.41 Tf 114.72 -.96 TD (' technology into the JEDEC standards there would have been) Tj /F83 11.37 Tf -115.20 -26.40 TD (materially less demand for JEDEC-compliant devices.) Tj /F83 9.60 Tf 0.96 -245.04 TD (This is the case when interfaces that make no inventive contribution are nonetheless patented. See) Tj /F83 9.56 Tf 395.52 -2.16 TD (, In re) Tj /F84 5.00 Tf -398.64 -9.12 TD (Dell Computer Corp. ) Tj /F83 9.19 Tf 85.20 -.48 TD (121 ) Tj /F83 10.99 Tf 16.08 -.24 TD (FTC. 616 ) Tj /F83 9.30 Tf 44.88 -.24 TD (\(1996\).) 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/P <>BDC BT /T1_1 1 Tf 11.41 0 0 11.41 156.24 454.56 Tm (Some Forms of Patent Licensing Are Consistent with a Less-)Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_1 1 Tf 11.21 0 0 11.21 435.84 451.92 Tm (than-)Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_1 1 Tf 11.48 0 0 11.48 459.36 451.68 Tm (Fully )Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_2 1 Tf 8.99 0 0 8.99 156 440.88 Tm (Open Standard. )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_2 1 Tf 9.34 0 0 9.34 236.88 437.76 Tm (................................................ 4\001)Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_1 1 Tf 9.69 0 0 9.69 87.6 414.24 Tm (II.\002)Tj ET EMC /LI_Title <>BDC BT /T1_1 1 Tf 11.15 0 0 11.15 121.68 414 Tm (An Appropriate Remedy )Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 8.88 0 0 8.88 234.72 412.8 Tm (Wil Not Reward )Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 11.21 0 0 11.21 314.64 412.08 Tm (Rambus for Demand for the Standard )Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 9.4 0 0 9.4 127.92 396.96 Tm (................................................................... 6 )Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_1 1 Tf 12.23 0 0 12.23 87.12 373.68 Tm 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Thus)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 5 0 0 5 198.24 184.32 Tm (, because the )Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 11.49 0 0 11.49 294.96 183.6 Tm (auction model of reasonable and )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 9.14 0 0 9.14 88.8 129.36 Tm (See )Tj 9.65 0 0 9.65 125.52 129.36 Tm (Decision at 75 \(" )Tj 9.61 0 0 9.61 198.72 128.88 Tm (Sun \(Microsystems\) as a company would have strongly opposed the use of\ )Tj 9.18 0 0 9.18 85.44 118.08 Tm (royalty-)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 8.7 0 0 8.7 114.96 117.84 Tm (bearing elements in an interface patent-)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 9.58 0 0 9.58 268.32 116.88 Tm (in an interface specification )Tj ET EMC endstream endobj 538 0 obj<<>> endobj 539 0 obj<> endobj 540 0 obj<> endobj 541 0 obj<> endobj 542 0 obj<> endobj 544 0 obj<> endobj 546 0 obj<> endobj 550 0 obj<> endobj 551 0 obj[1/space] endobj 552 0 obj[600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600] endobj 556 0 obj<> endobj 568 0 obj<> endobj 571 0 obj<> endobj 572 0 obj<> endobj 573 0 obj<> endobj 574 0 obj<> endobj 575 0 obj[1342 0 R 1343 0 R 1344 0 R 1345 0 R 1346 0 R 1347 0 R 1348 0 R 1349 0 R 1350 0 R 1351 0 R 1352 0 R 1353 0 R 1354 0 R 1355 0 R 1356 0 R 1357 0 R 1358 0 R 1359 0 R 1360 0 R 1361 0 R 1362 0 R 1363 0 R 1364 0 R 1365 0 R 1365 0 R 1366 0 R 1367 0 R 1368 0 R 1369 0 R 1368 0 R] endobj 576 0 obj<> endobj 577 0 obj<> endobj 578 0 obj<> endobj 579 0 obj<> endobj 580 0 obj<> endobj 581 0 obj<> endobj 582 0 obj<> endobj 583 0 obj<> endobj 584 0 obj<> endobj 585 0 obj<> endobj 586 0 obj<> endobj 587 0 obj<> endobj 588 0 obj<> endobj 589 0 obj<> endobj 590 0 obj<> endobj 591 0 obj<> endobj 592 0 obj<> endobj 593 0 obj<> endobj 594 0 obj<> endobj 595 0 obj<> endobj 596 0 obj<> endobj 597 0 obj<> endobj 598 0 obj<> endobj 599 0 obj<> endobj 600 0 obj<> endobj 601 0 obj<> endobj 602 0 obj<> endobj 603 0 obj<> endobj 604 0 obj<> endobj 605 0 obj<>stream /Artifact <>BDC q 0 0 0 rg 612 0 0 792 0 0 cm /Im0 Do Q EMC /P <>BDC 0 g 1 i BT /T1_0 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 3 Tr 9.25 0 0 9.25 255.36 792 Tm (, " )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.39 0 0 11.39 91.2 703.44 Tm (nondiscriminatory \(RAND\) licensing commitments by Swanson and Baumol)Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.22 0 0 11.22 443.52 700.56 Tm (, for example )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.37 0 0 11.37 90.96 676.32 Tm (implicitly assumes that standard setting )Tj 11.78 0 0 11.78 273.12 674.64 Tm (paricipants choose among )Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.36 0 0 11.36 398.4 673.68 Tm (competing patented )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.28 0 0 11.28 90.72 649.44 Tm (technologies on a cost-)Tj 11.41 0 0 11.41 194.64 648.48 Tm (performance maximizing basis \(in which royalties are merely one )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.41 0 0 11.41 90.48 622.56 Tm (component of costs\), their model does not provide a suitable framework \ for hypothesizing )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_1 1 Tf 5 0 0 5 90.48 595.2 Tm (about the )Tj 8.88 -0.048 Td (ex ante \001)Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.38 0 0 11.38 170.4 594.72 Tm (outcomes in selecting an open standard. )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 5 0 0 5 124.08 567.84 Tm (SSO )Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 7.73 0 0 7.73 147.6 567.6 Tm (paricipants under the impression that they were )Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 11.39 0 0 11.39 370.32 565.92 Tm (engaged in selecting an open )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_1 1 Tf 5 0 0 5 90 540.96 Tm (standard free of encumbrance by proprietary rights should not be require\ d to obtain )Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.31 0 0 11.31 472.56 538.08 Tm (any )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.4 0 0 11.4 89.76 513.84 Tm (license if the standard ultimately selected is not open because of misle\ ading or deceptive )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.35 0 0 11.35 89.28 486.96 Tm (conduct by a rightholder. A remedy, therefore)Tj 11.62 0 0 11.62 298.56 485.04 Tm (, that saddles such paricipants with even a )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 10.92 0 0 10.92 89.04 459.84 Tm (royalty-)Tj 11.44 0 0 11.44 124.08 459.6 Tm (free compulsory license would not restore the market for the open standa\ rd to what it )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.36 0 0 11.36 89.04 432.72 Tm (would have been but for the unlawful conduct. )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 12.09 0 0 12.09 156.96 404.64 Tm (Some Forms of Patent Licensing Are Consistent With a Less-)Tj 12.38 0 0 12.38 456 402.72 Tm (than-)Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_2 1 Tf 11.3 0 0 11.3 156.96 391.44 Tm (Fully Open Standard )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.39 0 0 11.39 122.16 364.8 Tm (A fully open standard may not be achievable)Tj 17.974 -0.147 Td (, either because any technology that )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.43 0 0 11.43 88.08 338.16 Tm (complies with a chosen standard )Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 239.52 336.96 Tm (wil be proprietar or because any reasonable )Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 11.26 0 0 11.26 450 335.52 Tm (alternative )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.41 0 0 11.41 87.84 311.04 Tm (specification for a standard )Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 7.91 0 0 7.91 214.56 310.08 Tm (wil implicate )Tj 5 0 0 5 281.04 309.36 Tm (some patented technology. 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Where patent rights cannot be avoided )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_1 1 Tf 5 0 0 5 87.36 256.8 Tm (and the )Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 7.2 -0.048 Td (SSO )Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 4.752 -0.048 Td (does not outright prohibit patented specifications )Tj ET EMC /LI_Label <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 9.58 0 0 9.58 374.88 254.64 Tm (\(e. )Tj ET EMC /LI_Title <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.44 0 0 11.44 400.56 254.4 Tm (JEDEC)Tj 11.37 0 0 11.37 435.84 254.4 Tm (, JEDEC Br. at )Tj 11.43 0 0 11.43 87.12 229.92 Tm (5\), the standards body usually strives for openness by requiring patent\ ees to make some form )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 5 0 0 5 86.88 202.56 Tm (of )Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 2.448 0 Td (ex ante )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.41 0 0 11.41 134.16 202.32 Tm (pre-commitment to openness. )Tj 11.44 0 0 11.44 120.72 175.44 Tm (Different SSOs pursue different IP-neutralizing strategies in such circu\ mstances )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 9.74 0 0 9.74 89.28 133.68 Tm (Daniel G. Swanson and Willam J. Baumol )Tj 9.82 0 0 9.82 264 132.24 Tm (Reasonable and Nondiscrimnatory )Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 10.55 0 0 10.55 402.24 131.28 Tm (\(RAD\) Royalties )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 9.55 0 0 9.55 86.4 122.16 Tm (Standards Selection)Tj 9.58 0 0 9.58 162.72 121.68 Tm (, and Control of Market Power )Tj 9.62 0 0 9.62 282.72 120.72 Tm (" 73 Antitrust L. J. 1 \(2005\). )Tj ET EMC endstream endobj 606 0 obj<<>> endobj 607 0 obj<> endobj 608 0 obj<> endobj 609 0 obj<> endobj 610 0 obj<> endobj 618 0 obj<> endobj 619 0 obj[1/space] endobj 620 0 obj[600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600] endobj 622 0 obj<> endobj 623 0 obj<> endobj 624 0 obj<> endobj 625 0 obj<> endobj 626 0 obj[1370 0 R 1371 0 R 1372 0 R 1373 0 R 1374 0 R 1375 0 R 1376 0 R 1377 0 R 1378 0 R 1379 0 R] endobj 627 0 obj<> endobj 628 0 obj<> endobj 629 0 obj<> endobj 630 0 obj<> endobj 631 0 obj<> endobj 632 0 obj<> endobj 633 0 obj<> endobj 634 0 obj<> endobj 635 0 obj<> endobj 636 0 obj<>stream /Artifact <>BDC q 0 0 0 rg 612 0 0 792 0 0 cm /Im0 Do Q EMC /P <>BDC 0 g 1 i BT /T1_0 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 3 Tr 8.98 0 0 8.98 203.28 792 Tm (, " )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.35 0 0 11.35 90 701.76 Tm (depending on the strength of their preferences for openness. )Tj 11.37 0 0 11.37 369.12 700.08 Tm (A patentee could be required to )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.37 0 0 11.37 90 674.88 Tm (disclaim its rights to enforcement)Tj 11.3 0 0 11.3 242.64 673.92 Tm (, make a commitment to a royalty-)Tj 11.37 0 0 11.37 399.36 673.2 Tm (free license)Tj 11.16 0 0 11.16 452.16 672.96 Tm (, or agree to )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.22 0 0 11.22 89.76 647.76 Tm (license on )Tj 14.94 0 0 14.94 137.76 647.28 Tm (RAD )Tj 11.42 0 0 11.42 173.04 647.28 Tm (terms as a condition to the inclusion of the patented technology in the \ )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 10.89 0 0 10.89 89.76 620.64 Tm (standard. )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.42 0 0 11.42 122.64 593.28 Tm (When a RAND commitment is given by a patentee for the purpose of satisfy\ ing an )Tj 10.52 0 0 10.52 89.28 566.4 Tm (SSO' )Tj 11.39 0 0 11.39 113.76 566.16 Tm (s goal of openness, the ")Tj 11.33 0 0 11.33 224.88 565.68 Tm (reasonableness)Tj 11.45 0 0 11.45 293.52 565.2 Tm (" requirement takes on a quality that does not )Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 10.19 0 0 10.19 89.04 539.52 Tm (occur when )Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 15.04 0 0 15.04 144 539.04 Tm (RAD )Tj 11.41 0 0 11.41 179.52 539.04 Tm (commitments are offered outside of the standard-setting context. )Tj 11.43 0 0 11.43 89.04 512.4 Tm (Specifically, if the purpose of the RAND commitment is to further the op\ en availability of )Tj 11.26 0 0 11.26 88.56 485.52 Tm (the standard)Tj 11.44 0 0 11.44 143.76 485.04 Tm (, a royalty rate that is not consistent with such openness cannot be ")Tj 11.24 0 0 11.24 452.88 483.6 Tm (reasonable. )Tj 11.15 0 0 11.15 88.56 458.4 Tm (In other words)Tj 11.39 0 0 11.39 154.8 458.16 Tm (, in the context of open standards royalty rates can only be RAND if the\ y are )Tj 11.37 0 0 11.37 88.56 431.28 Tm (low enough that the openness of the standard is not thereby impaired. )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.42 0 0 11.42 124.8 403.92 Tm (Calibrating the reasonableness of a royalty under a )Tj 14.94 0 0 14.94 359.52 402.48 Tm (RAD )Tj 11.42 0 0 11.42 394.8 402.48 Tm (commitment according to )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_2 1 Tf 5 0 0 5 88.08 377.28 Tm (the degree of openness intended )Tj 29.808 -0.192 Td (ex ante \001)Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.4 0 0 11.4 272.4 376.08 Tm (by the implementers is not free from ambiguity. )Tj 11.15 0 0 11.15 87.84 350.16 Tm (Nonetheless)Tj 11.42 0 0 11.42 143.52 349.92 Tm (, doing so does provides a rough upper bound under which a royalty rate \ for a )Tj -4.918 -2.354 Td (patented standard must reside for the standard to remain open. Thus)Tj 11.43 0 0 11.43 398.16 321.6 Tm (, assuming that the )Tj 11.45 0 0 11.45 87.12 295.92 Tm (purpose of the standard setting activities at issue was to develop a sta\ ndard with a high )Tj 11.24 0 0 11.24 87.36 269.04 Tm (degree of openness)Tj 11.45 0 0 11.45 174.48 268.32 Tm (, were the Commission to determine that a )Tj 11.69 0 0 11.69 371.28 267.36 Tm (paricular proposed royalty rate )Tj 11.42 0 0 11.42 87.12 241.92 Tm (would materially adversely affect the breadth or variety of implementers\ of the standard)Tj 11.11 0 0 11.11 489.84 240.24 Tm (, such )Tj 11.34 0 0 11.34 87.12 214.8 Tm (a proposed rate would be too high. )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 9.56 0 0 9.56 89.52 132 Tm (See generally, Jonathan Band )Tj 9.5 0 0 9.5 212.16 131.52 Tm (Competing Definitions of ' )Tj 9.51 0 0 9.51 316.32 131.04 Tm (Openness)Tj 10.37 0 0 10.37 354.24 130.8 Tm (' on the Ni )Tj 9.82 0 0 9.82 408.24 130.56 Tm (Standards Policy for )Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 9.15 0 0 9.15 86.16 120.96 Tm (Information Infrastructure )Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 9.62 0 0 9.62 193.44 120.24 Tm (B. Kahin and J. Abbate)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 7.75 0 0 7.75 283.68 119.76 Tm (, eds. )Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 9.58 0 0 9.58 303.84 119.76 Tm (, The MIT Press, Cambridge)Tj 9.51 0 0 9.51 414 119.28 Tm (, Ma. \(1995\). )Tj ET EMC endstream endobj 637 0 obj<<>> endobj 638 0 obj<> endobj 639 0 obj<> endobj 640 0 obj<> endobj 641 0 obj<> endobj 642 0 obj<> endobj 643 0 obj<> endobj 644 0 obj[1/space] endobj 645 0 obj[250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 333 408 500 500 833 778 180 333 333 500 564 250 333 250 278 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 278 278 564 564 564 444 921 722 667 667 722 611 556 722 722 333 389 722 611 889 722 722 556 722 667 556 611 722 722 944 722 722 611 333 278 333 469 500 333 444 500 444 500 444 333 500 500 278 278 500 278 778 500 500 500 500 333 389 278 500 500 722 500 500 444 480 200 480 541 350 0 350 333 500 444 1000 500 500 333 1000 556 333 889 350 611 350 350 333 333 444 444 350 500 1000 333 980 389 333 722 350 444 722 0 333 500 500 500 500 200 500 333 760 276 500 564 0 760 333 400 564 300 300 333 500 453 250 333 300 310 500 750 750 750 444 722 722 722 722 722 722 889 667 611 611 611 611 333 333 333 333 722 722 722 722 722 722 722 564 722 722 722 722 722 722 556 500 444 444 444 444 444 444 667 444 444 444 444 444 278 278 278 278 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 564 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500] endobj 647 0 obj<> endobj 648 0 obj<> endobj 651 0 obj<> endobj 653 0 obj<> endobj 654 0 obj[1/space] endobj 655 0 obj[600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600] endobj 656 0 obj<> endobj 657 0 obj<> endobj 658 0 obj<> endobj 660 0 obj<> endobj 663 0 obj<> endobj 664 0 obj<> endobj 665 0 obj<> endobj 666 0 obj[1380 0 R 1380 0 R 1381 0 R 1382 0 R 1381 0 R 1383 0 R 1384 0 R 1385 0 R 1386 0 R 1387 0 R 1388 0 R 1389 0 R 1388 0 R 1390 0 R 1388 0 R 1391 0 R 1392 0 R 1391 0 R 1393 0 R] endobj 667 0 obj<> endobj 668 0 obj<> endobj 669 0 obj<> endobj 670 0 obj<> endobj 671 0 obj<> endobj 672 0 obj<> endobj 673 0 obj<> endobj 674 0 obj<> endobj 675 0 obj<> endobj 676 0 obj<> endobj 677 0 obj<> endobj 678 0 obj<> endobj 679 0 obj<> endobj 680 0 obj<> endobj 681 0 obj<>stream /Artifact <>BDC 0 g 1 i BT /T1_0 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 3 Tr 6.61 0 0 6.61 336.24 792 Tm (, ")Tj ET EMC /Artifact <>BDC q 0 0 0 rg 612 0 0 792 0 0 cm /Im0 Do Q EMC /LI_Label <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 12.05 0 0 12.05 90.48 699.6 Tm (II.\001)Tj ET EMC /LI_Title <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 12.33 0 0 12.33 124.08 699.36 Tm (An Appropriate Remedy Wil Not Reward Rambus for Demand for the )Tj 12.83 0 0 12.83 124.08 685.68 Tm (Standard )Tj 11.41 0 0 11.41 124.08 658.8 Tm (Tbe second principle that should guide the Commission in fashioning a re\ medy in this )Tj 11.33 0 0 11.33 90.24 632.16 Tm (matter is that Rambus )Tj 11.39 0 0 11.39 190.8 631.44 Tm (' patents do not entitle it to a reward for commercial demand )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.39 0 0 11.39 90.24 605.28 Tm (attributable to the economic benefits of the standard)Tj 11.44 0 0 11.44 327.84 603.6 Tm (, as opposed to the economic benefits of )Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.29 0 0 11.29 90 578.16 Tm (its patented inventions.)Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.25 0 0 11.25 195.36 582 Tm (5 According to Professor Patterson)Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.41 0 0 11.41 353.52 576.24 Tm (, this insight has two important )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.12 0 0 11.12 89.52 551.04 Tm (implications: )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.47 0 0 11.47 157.44 523.2 Tm (The first implication is that the patented invention should be )Tj 11.43 0 0 11.43 157.44 509.52 Tm (treated as only one contributor to the economic value of the )Tj 11.44 0 0 11.44 157.68 495.84 Tm (standard. The second implication is that the other contributions )Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 11.4 0 0 11.4 157.44 482.4 Tm (of a standard-)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 11.94 0 0 11.94 227.76 481.92 Tm (like interoperability-should be given )Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 10.28 0 0 10.28 157.2 468.96 Tm (independent legal significance. )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.45 0 0 11.45 122.64 442.08 Tm (Disentangling commercial demand attributable to the patent from the dema\ nd )Tj 11.4 0 0 11.4 88.8 415.44 Tm (attributable to the standard may not always be easy. Consideration of th\ e polar cases can aid )Tj 11.37 0 0 11.37 88.32 388.32 Tm (the analysis. At one extreme)Tj 11.43 0 0 11.43 218.16 387.6 Tm (, technology is so unique and essential that no standard would )Tj 11.44 0 0 11.44 88.08 361.2 Tm (exist but for the existence of the patented innovation. In that case)Tj 11.37 0 0 11.37 386.64 359.28 Tm (, the patented technology )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_2 1 Tf 5 0 0 5 87.84 334.32 Tm (would have become the )Tj 22.176 -0.192 Td (de facto )Tj 7.92 -0.048 Td (standard anyway, irrespective of adoption by an \001)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 44.4 -0.24 Td (SSO )Tj 11.14 0 0 11.14 484.08 331.92 Tm (and )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.46 0 0 11.46 87.6 307.2 Tm (little or no demand should be attributed to the standard. At the other e\ xtreme)Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.51 0 0 11.51 439.44 305.04 Tm (, a multitude of )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.41 0 0 11.41 87.6 279.84 Tm (alternative specifications are available to serve as a standard)Tj 11.42 0 0 11.42 363.12 278.16 Tm (, in which case incorporating )Tj 11.43 0 0 11.43 86.88 252.96 Tm (patented technology is unlikely to be )Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 10.48 0 0 10.48 258.24 251.76 Tm (necessar and would serve no useful )Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.53 0 0 11.53 428.4 250.8 Tm (purpose. If )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.44 0 0 11.44 86.64 225.84 Tm (patented technology nonetheless found its way into such a standard)Tj 11.79 0 0 11.79 395.04 223.92 Tm (, all the demand stil )Tj 11.44 0 0 11.44 86.88 198.72 Tm (would be due solely to the benefits of the standard because separate dem\ and for the patent )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 9.58 0 0 9.58 89.52 152.4 Tm (The following discussion draws heavily from Mark R. Patterson )Tj 9.55 0 0 9.55 342.48 150.96 Tm (Inventions)Tj 9.57 0 0 9.57 383.76 150.72 Tm (, Industry Standards)Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 9.26 0 0 9.26 461.28 150.24 Tm (, and )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 9.5 0 0 9.5 86.4 141.12 Tm (Intellectual Property,)Tj 9.52 0 0 9.52 167.28 140.4 Tm (" 17 BerkeleyTech.)Tj 9.28 0 0 9.28 241.68 140.16 Tm (L.J. )Tj 9.29 0 0 9.29 259.68 139.92 Tm (1043 \(2002\). )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 5 0 0 5 89.04 118.08 Tm (Id. )Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 8.23 0 0 8.23 102.24 118.08 Tm (at 1045. )Tj ET EMC endstream endobj 682 0 obj<<>> endobj 683 0 obj<> endobj 684 0 obj<> endobj 685 0 obj<> endobj 690 0 obj<> endobj 692 0 obj<> endobj 694 0 obj<> endobj 695 0 obj[1/space] endobj 696 0 obj[600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600] endobj 698 0 obj<> endobj 699 0 obj<> endobj 700 0 obj<> endobj 701 0 obj[1394 0 R 1395 0 R 1396 0 R 1397 0 R 1398 0 R 1399 0 R 1400 0 R 1399 0 R 1401 0 R 1402 0 R 1403 0 R 1404 0 R] endobj 702 0 obj<> endobj 703 0 obj<> endobj 704 0 obj<> endobj 705 0 obj<> endobj 706 0 obj<> endobj 707 0 obj<> endobj 708 0 obj<> endobj 709 0 obj<> endobj 710 0 obj<> endobj 711 0 obj<> endobj 712 0 obj<>stream /Artifact <>BDC q 0 0 0 rg 612 0 0 792 0 0 cm /Im0 Do Q EMC /P <>BDC 0 g 1 i BT /T1_0 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 3 Tr 10.87 0 0 10.87 90.72 698.88 Tm (would not exist. )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.36 0 0 11.36 123.84 671.76 Tm (In between these polar cases)Tj 11.472 -0.106 Td (, patented technology may make some contribution to the )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.05 0 0 11.05 90.48 644.88 Tm (standard)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 5 0 0 5 128.64 644.64 Tm (, either by enabling an )Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 20.832 -0.192 Td (SSO )Tj 11.43 0 0 11.43 256.56 643.68 Tm (to adopt a standard that is superior to a proposed )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.37 0 0 11.37 90.24 617.76 Tm (alternative or by enabling implementers to comply more easily or cheaply\ with a standard )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.08 0 0 11.08 90 590.64 Tm (already adopted. )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.42 0 0 11.42 123.12 563.28 Tm (The foregoing suggests that in order to avoid rewarding Rambus for the c\ ommercial )Tj 11.4 0 0 11.4 89.52 536.4 Tm (demand attributable to the standard rather than its inventions)Tj 11.38 0 0 11.38 367.2 534.48 Tm (, Rambus should bear the burden )Tj 11.39 0 0 11.39 89.04 509.28 Tm (of justifying any claimed royalty rate with sufficient evidence to allow\ the Commission to )Tj 11.42 0 0 11.42 89.04 482.4 Tm (conclude that the relevant patents materially contribute to the commerci\ al demand for )Tj 11.4 0 0 11.4 88.8 455.28 Tm (compliance with the standard. Thus, Rambus should be entitled to enforce\ a royalty-)Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.37 0 0 11.37 474.24 452.88 Tm (bearing )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.41 0 0 11.41 88.8 428.4 Tm (license if and only if the Commission finds by clear and convincing evid\ ence that but for the )Tj 11.33 0 0 11.33 88.56 401.28 Tm (incorporation of Rambus )Tj 11.41 0 0 11.41 203.28 400.32 Tm (' technology into the JEDEC standards there would have been )Tj 11.37 0 0 11.37 88.08 373.92 Tm (materially less demand for JEDEC-compliant devices. )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 9.6 0 0 9.6 89.04 128.88 Tm (This is the case when interfaces that make no inventive contribution are\ nonetheless patented. See )Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 9.56 0 0 9.56 484.56 126.72 Tm (, In re )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_1 1 Tf 5 0 0 5 85.92 117.6 Tm (Dell Computer Corp. \001)Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 9.19 0 0 9.19 171.12 117.12 Tm (121 )Tj 10.99 0 0 10.99 187.2 116.88 Tm (FTC. 616 )Tj 9.3 0 0 9.3 232.08 116.64 Tm (\(1996\). )Tj ET EMC endstream endobj 713 0 obj<<>> endobj 714 0 obj<> endobj 715 0 obj<> endobj 716 0 obj<> endobj 722 0 obj<> endobj 725 0 obj<> endobj 726 0 obj<> endobj 727 0 obj[1405 0 R 1406 0 R 1407 0 R 1408 0 R 1409 0 R 1410 0 R 1411 0 R 1412 0 R 1413 0 R 1413 0 R 1414 0 R] endobj 728 0 obj<> endobj 729 0 obj<> endobj 730 0 obj<> endobj 731 0 obj<> endobj 732 0 obj<> endobj 733 0 obj<> endobj 734 0 obj<> endobj 735 0 obj<> endobj 736 0 obj<> endobj 737 0 obj<> endobj 738 0 obj<> endobj 739 0 obj<>stream /Artifact <>BDC q 0 0 0 rg 612 0 0 792 0 0 cm /Im0 Do Q EMC /P <>BDC 0 g 1 i BT /T1_0 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 3 Tr 11.86 0 0 11.86 276.24 696.24 Tm (Conclusion )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.35 0 0 11.35 122.88 670.56 Tm (Based on the foregoing arguments)Tj 11.4 0 0 11.4 279.6 669.6 Tm (, the American Antitrust Institute)Tj 11.22 0 0 11.22 431.28 669.12 Tm (, Inc. respectfully )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.4 0 0 11.4 89.04 643.68 Tm (requests that the Commission to order a remedy in this case consistent w\ ith the principles )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_1 1 Tf 9.84 0 0 9.84 89.28 616.8 Tm (advocated herein. )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.47 0 0 11.47 328.56 561.36 Tm (Respectfully submitted )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.22 0 0 11.22 88.32 481.2 Tm (Albert A. Foer )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.8 0 0 11.8 121.68 467.52 Tm (President )Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 10.33 0 0 10.33 363.12 466.32 Tm (Counsel of Record and )Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 11.39 0 0 11.39 88.08 454.08 Tm (American Antitrust Institute)Tj 10.65 0 0 10.65 217.2 453.6 Tm (, Inc. )Tj 11.56 0 0 11.56 362.4 452.88 Tm (Senior Research Fellow )Tj 11.71 0 0 11.71 88.32 440.64 Tm (2919 Ellcott Street )Tj 11.51 0 0 11.51 328.08 439.44 Tm (Jonathan L. 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Rubin)Tj 11.2 0 0 11.2 421.92 255.36 Tm (, P. )Tj 12.17 0 0 12.17 87.6 243.12 Tm (Washington)Tj 10.76 0 0 10.76 146.88 243.12 Tm (, D.)Tj 11.45 0 0 11.45 163.68 242.88 Tm (C. 20008 )Tj 12.61 0 0 12.61 328.8 242.16 Tm (1717K Street, N. )Tj 11.71 0 0 11.71 429.6 241.68 Tm (, Suite 600 )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 12.22 0 0 12.22 328.32 228.48 Tm (Washington)Tj 11.08 0 0 11.08 387.84 228.48 Tm (, D.)Tj 11.52 0 0 11.52 405.12 228.24 Tm (C. 20036 )Tj ET EMC /Span <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.19 0 0 11.19 328.56 215.04 Tm (\(202\))Tj ET EMC /LI_Title <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.19 0 0 11.19 352.7975 215.04 Tm ( 415-)Tj 11.4 0 0 11.4 376.56 214.8 Tm (0616 )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_2 1 Tf 10.46 0 0 10.46 87.12 147.84 Tm (September 29, 2006 )Tj ET EMC endstream endobj 1124 0 obj<>stream /Artifact <>BDC q 0 0 0 rg 612 0 0 792 0 0 cm /Im0 Do Q EMC /P <>BDC 0 g 1 i BT /T1_0 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 3 Tr 19.18 0 0 19.18 300 738.72 Tm (ORIGINAL )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.88 0 0 11.88 282.72 695.52 Tm (PUBLIC )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_1 1 Tf 8.83 0 0 8.83 263.52 584.16 Tm (Docket No. 9302\001)Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 12.26 0 0 12.26 264.96 528.24 Tm (In the Matter of )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_2 1 Tf 11.09 0 0 11.09 264.48 501.36 Tm (RAMBUS INC. )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.61 0 0 11.61 255.84 474.72 Tm (A CORPORATION )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_2 1 Tf 5 0 0 5 189.6 392.16 Tm (RESPONDING BRIEF OF )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.69 0 0 11.69 324.48 391.44 Tm (AMICUS CURIAE )Tj 12.07 0 0 12.07 188.16 378.48 Tm (AMERICAN ANTITRUST INSTITUTE, INC. )Tj 12.08 0 0 12.08 142.8 365.04 Tm (ON ISSUES OF REMEDY IN SUPPORT OF NEITHER PARTY )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 12.12 0 0 12.12 87.6 297.36 Tm (Albert A. Foer )Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 12.71 0 0 12.71 328.32 295.2 Tm (Jonathan Rubin )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 12.06 0 0 12.06 121.44 283.68 Tm (President )Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 10.7 0 0 10.7 362.64 282.48 Tm (Counsel of Record and )Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 12.41 0 0 12.41 87.36 270.24 Tm (American Antitrust Institute)Tj 11.72 0 0 11.72 228 269.76 Tm (, Inc. )Tj 11.93 0 0 11.93 362.16 269.04 Tm (Senior Research Fellow )Tj 12.3 0 0 12.3 87.6 256.8 Tm (2919 Ellcott Street, )Tj 12.65 0 0 12.65 328.08 254.88 Tm (Jonathan L. Rubin)Tj 11.2 0 0 11.2 421.92 255.36 Tm (, P. )Tj 12.17 0 0 12.17 87.6 243.12 Tm (Washington)Tj 10.76 0 0 10.76 146.88 243.12 Tm (, D.)Tj 11.45 0 0 11.45 163.68 242.88 Tm (C. 20008 )Tj 12.61 0 0 12.61 328.8 242.16 Tm (1717K Street, N. )Tj 11.71 0 0 11.71 429.6 241.68 Tm (, Suite 600 )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 12.22 0 0 12.22 328.32 228.48 Tm (Washington)Tj 11.08 0 0 11.08 387.84 228.48 Tm (, D.)Tj 11.52 0 0 11.52 405.12 228.24 Tm (C. 20036 )Tj ET EMC /Span <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.19 0 0 11.19 328.56 215.04 Tm (\(202\))Tj ET EMC /Span <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.19 0 0 11.19 352.7975 215.04 Tm ( 415-)Tj 11.4 0 0 11.4 376.56 214.8 Tm (0616 )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_2 1 Tf 10.46 0 0 10.46 87.12 147.84 Tm (September 29, 2006 )Tj ET EMC endstream endobj 1125 0 obj<> endobj 1126 0 obj<> endobj 1127 0 obj<> endobj 1128 0 obj<>stream /Artifact <>BDC 0 g 1 i BT /T1_0 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 3 Tr 10.32 0 0 10.32 250.32 792 Tm (. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . )Tj 11.6 0 0 11.6 445.2 792 Tm (. . . . . . . . . .. )Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 11.49 0 0 11.49 393.12 792 Tm (. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . )Tj 11.51 0 0 11.51 404.16 792 Tm (. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . )Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 10.34 0 0 10.34 167.28 792 Tm (. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . )Tj ET EMC /Artifact <>BDC q 0 0 0 rg 612 0 0 792 0 0 cm /Im0 Do Q EMC /Figure <>BDC BT /T1_1 1 Tf -37 0 0 -37 221.52 792 Tm (. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .\001)Tj -35 0 0 -35 208.8 792 Tm (. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .)Tj -0.939 0 Td (. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_1 1 Tf 12.13 0 0 12.13 260.88 698.4 Tm (Table of Contents )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_1 1 Tf 11.8 0 0 11.8 89.76 659.52 Tm (Table of Authorities. . . . . . . . . . . )Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_2 1 Tf 5 0 0 5 89.52 632.4 Tm (Interest of )Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 10.56 0 0 10.56 137.52 631.92 Tm (Amicus Curiae )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_1 1 Tf 11.51 0 0 11.51 416.4 628.56 Tm (. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii\001)Tj 11.31 0 0 11.31 89.52 605.28 Tm (Summary of the Argument. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .\ . . . . . . . )Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_1 1 Tf 11.57 0 0 11.57 399.12 601.44 Tm (. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv\001)Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_1 1 Tf 11.63 0 0 11.63 122.88 577.68 Tm (An Appropriate Remedy Calibrates the Scope of Rambus)Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_1 1 Tf 11.67 0 0 11.67 391.2 575.04 Tm (' Prospective Patent\001)Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_2 1 Tf 5 0 0 5 122.88 564 Tm (Rights to the )Tj 12.144 -0.096 Td (Ex Ante \001)Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_1 1 Tf 11.4 0 0 11.4 223.2 563.04 Tm (Intended Openness of the Standard )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_1 1 Tf 11.34 0 0 11.34 156.48 536.4 Tm (The Ideal of a Fully Open Standard is Inconsistent With Patent Law and )Tj 12.9 0 0 12.9 156.48 522.72 Tm (Policy. . . )Tj 11.61 0 0 11.61 156.24 495.6 Tm (Restoring Competition in a Market for a Standard is Not Equivalent to )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_1 1 Tf 11.47 0 0 11.47 156.24 481.92 Tm (Restoring Competition in a Market for Patented )Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_1 1 Tf 12.25 0 0 12.25 378.24 479.52 Tm (Technology. . . . )Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_1 1 Tf 11.08 0 0 11.08 461.28 478.56 Tm (. . . . . . . . . 3 )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_1 1 Tf 11.41 0 0 11.41 156.24 454.56 Tm (Some Forms of Patent Licensing Are Consistent with a Less-)Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_1 1 Tf 11.21 0 0 11.21 435.84 451.92 Tm (than-)Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_1 1 Tf 11.48 0 0 11.48 459.36 451.68 Tm (Fully )Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_2 1 Tf 8.99 0 0 8.99 156 440.88 Tm (Open Standard. )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_2 1 Tf 9.34 0 0 9.34 236.88 437.76 Tm (................................................ 4\001)Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_1 1 Tf 9.69 0 0 9.69 87.6 414.24 Tm (II.\002)Tj ET EMC /Span <>BDC BT /T1_1 1 Tf 11.15 0 0 11.15 121.68 414 Tm (An Appropriate Remedy )Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 8.88 0 0 8.88 234.72 412.8 Tm (Wil Not Reward )Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 11.21 0 0 11.21 314.64 412.08 Tm (Rambus for Demand for the Standard )Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 9.4 0 0 9.4 127.92 396.96 Tm (................................................................... 6 )Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_1 1 Tf 12.23 0 0 12.23 87.12 373.68 Tm (Conclusion. . . . )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_1 1 Tf 11.39 0 0 11.39 362.64 370.08 Tm (. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 )Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 10.88 0 0 10.88 86.88 346.32 Tm (Certificate of Service. . . . . . . . . )Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_1 1 Tf 11.34 0 0 11.34 437.04 342.72 Tm (. . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_1 1 Tf 8.65 0 0 8.65 294 89.52 Tm (-1\255)Tj ET EMC endstream endobj 1129 0 obj<> endobj 1130 0 obj<> endobj 1131 0 obj<> endobj 1132 0 obj<> endobj 1133 0 obj<> endobj 1134 0 obj<> endobj 1135 0 obj<> endobj 1136 0 obj<> endobj 1137 0 obj<> endobj 1138 0 obj<> endobj 1139 0 obj<> endobj 1140 0 obj<> endobj 1141 0 obj<> endobj 1142 0 obj<>stream /Artifact <>BDC q 0 0 0 rg 612 0 0 792 0 0 cm /Im0 Do Q EMC /P <>BDC 0 g 1 i BT /T1_0 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 3 Tr 11.12 0 0 11.12 90.96 699.6 Tm (standard)Tj 11.21 0 0 11.21 129.12 699.12 Tm (, therefore)Tj 11.4 0 0 11.4 175.68 698.64 Tm (, may be undermined by the incentives to innovate created by patent )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_1 1 Tf 10.72 0 0 10.72 90.24 672.48 Tm (policy. Similarly, intellectual property policies function properly when\ market paricipants )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.49 0 0 11.49 90.48 645.6 Tm (are wiling to pay increased prices to stimulate technological innovation\ . However)Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.16 0 0 11.16 466.56 641.76 Tm (, when )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.36 0 0 11.36 90 618.72 Tm (open standards are called for)Tj 11.82 0 0 11.82 221.04 617.04 Tm (, paricipants are not willng and should not )Tj 11.36 0 0 11.36 422.88 615.12 Tm (be required to pay )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_1 1 Tf 10.4 0 0 10.4 89.52 591.6 Tm (higher prices to stimulate such unnecessar incentives. )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.41 0 0 11.41 123.12 564 Tm (Accordingly, the nature of ")Tj 11.31 0 0 11.31 251.52 562.8 Tm (competition)Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.47 0 0 11.47 306.24 561.84 Tm (" for an open standard )Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 12.24 0 0 12.24 410.64 560.88 Tm (wil differ )Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.37 0 0 11.37 459.6 560.64 Tm (materially )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.42 0 0 11.42 89.04 537.36 Tm (from competition among patented technologies outside of the standards co\ ntext. Because )Tj 11.4 0 0 11.4 88.8 510.24 Tm (implementers of open standards have strong preferences to avoid licensin\ g and royalties)Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.02 0 0 11.02 491.52 506.16 Tm (, they )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.49 0 0 11.49 88.56 483.12 Tm (are often wiling to eschew proprietary technology to promote openness ev\ en if doing so )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_2 1 Tf 5 0 0 5 88.56 456 Tm (sacrifices technical superiority. This has important consequences for an\ y hypothetical \001)Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_1 1 Tf 9.8 0 0 9.8 482.16 452.16 Tm (ex ante )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_1 1 Tf 10.17 0 0 10.17 88.08 429.12 Tm (negotiation between an SSO' )Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 11.47 0 0 11.47 221.52 427.68 Tm (s members and one or more patentees proposing the adoption of )Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.61 0 0 11.61 87.84 402.24 Tm (a patented standard. In paricular)Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.18 0 0 11.18 237.6 400.56 Tm (, a remedy )Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 8.02 0 0 8.02 287.28 399.84 Tm (baring patent enforcement or ordering )Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 11.18 0 0 11.18 87.36 375.12 Tm (compulsory royalty-)Tj 11.39 0 0 11.39 179.04 374.16 Tm (free or low-royalty licensing that may )Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 7.8 0 0 7.8 354.24 372.24 Tm (chil innovative )Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.5 0 0 11.5 429.12 371.76 Tm (activity outside of )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.42 0 0 11.42 87.12 348 Tm (the standards context is unlikely to be objectionable where the goal of \ the remedy is to )Tj 11.43 0 0 11.43 86.64 320.88 Tm (establish the openness of a standard or rectify a hijacked deliberative \ process intended to lead )Tj 11.27 0 0 11.27 86.4 293.76 Tm (to an open standard. )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_1 1 Tf 10.46 0 0 10.46 120 266.4 Tm (Evidence cited in the Commission )Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 11.36 0 0 11.36 281.52 264.72 Tm (s Opinion suggests that JEDEC' )Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 12.04 0 0 12.04 429.6 263.28 Tm (s overrding )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.44 0 0 11.44 85.92 239.76 Tm (mission was to create open standards to the greatest extent practicable.\ For instance)Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_1 1 Tf 9.87 0 0 9.87 468.72 236.16 Tm (, the )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.45 0 0 11.45 85.68 212.4 Tm (Commission found that JEDEC members ")Tj 11.39 0 0 11.39 283.2 210.48 Tm (were highly sensitive to costs)Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.48 0 0 11.48 418.32 209.28 Tm (" and ")Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.39 0 0 11.39 450.48 209.04 Tm (keeping costs )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.38 0 0 11.38 85.44 185.52 Tm (down was a major concern within JEDEC.)Tj 11.45 0 0 11.45 280.32 183.6 Tm (" Decision)Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.46 0 0 11.46 329.28 183.12 Tm (, at 74. One witness testified that )Tj ET EMC /Span <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.54 0 0 11.54 90.24 158.64 Tm (customers are wiling to leave performance on the table in exchange for h\ aving lower cost )Tj 10.99 0 0 10.99 84.96 131.28 Tm (systems)Tj 11.38 0 0 11.38 120.72 131.04 Tm (" \(Decision at 75)Tj 11.49 0 0 11.49 198.72 130.32 Tm (, note 406\), and a series of witnesses testified that knowledge of )Tj ET EMC endstream endobj 1143 0 obj<>stream /Artifact <>BDC 0 g 1 i BT /T1_0 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 3 Tr 7.99 0 0 7.99 192 792 Tm (...)Tj ET EMC /Artifact <>BDC q 0 0 0 rg 612 0 0 792 0 0 cm /Im0 Do Q EMC /Span <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.06 0 0 11.06 90.24 699.84 Tm (Rambus)Tj 11.4 0 0 11.4 127.68 699.36 Tm (' patents would have been decisive in causing them to reject the Rambus \ )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.36 0 0 11.36 90.24 672.96 Tm (specification on that basis alone. Decision at 75)Tj 11.41 0 0 11.41 307.92 671.04 Tm (, note 407. Some implementers pursue a )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.39 0 0 11.39 89.52 645.6 Tm (policy of embracing only open standards in certain circumstances and act\ ively oppose the use )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.03 0 0 11.03 89.76 618.72 Tm (of any royalty-)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 10.35 0 0 10.35 156 618.24 Tm (bearng elements in standard specifications. )Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.44 0 0 11.44 123.36 591.36 Tm (Similarly, JEDEC itself claims to have a ")Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_2 1 Tf 7.46 0 0 7.46 316.8 589.68 Tm (strong aversion to including royalty-)Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.29 0 0 11.29 482.88 588.72 Tm (bearing )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.36 0 0 11.36 88.8 564.24 Tm (patents in JEDEC standards.)Tj 11.45 0 0 11.45 219.36 563.28 Tm (" JEDEC Br. on Remedies at 5. Citing a series of policy )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.34 0 0 11.34 89.04 537.36 Tm (statements that reach back more than twenty years)Tj 11.47 0 0 11.47 318.48 535.44 Tm (, JEDEC claims that its ")Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_1 1 Tf 10.31 0 0 10.31 433.2 534.48 Tm (goal is to )Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.48 0 0 11.48 88.32 510.24 Tm (promulgate open standards that can be used widely by the industry... )Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 5 0 0 5 411.36 507.6 Tm (Id. )Tj 11.3 0 0 11.3 427.68 507.6 Tm (at 4. JEDEC )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.43 0 0 11.43 88.08 483.12 Tm (permits patented technology to enter its standards but only with ")Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_2 1 Tf 7.05 0 0 7.05 386.4 480.72 Tm (great care. )Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.31 0 0 11.31 457.44 480.48 Tm (at 5. As a)Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 5 0 0 5 441.84 480.48 Tm (!d. )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.24 0 0 11.24 88.08 456 Tm (result)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 5 0 0 5 113.52 455.76 Tm (, if the Commission concludes that JEDEC and its paricipants as an )Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.34 0 0 11.34 452.4 453.36 Tm (placed a high)Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 5 0 0 5 428.64 453.36 Tm (SSO )Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.37 0 0 11.37 88.32 428.88 Tm (value on openness, they would not)Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_2 1 Tf 5 0 0 5 246 427.68 Tm (, in any conceivable hypothetical )Tj 30.624 -0.24 Td (ex ante )Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 11.36 0 0 11.36 434.88 426.24 Tm (negotiation)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 9.78 0 0 9.78 486.72 426 Tm (, have )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.43 0 0 11.43 87.84 402 Tm (chosen the Rambus specification absent a concomitant and enforceable lic\ ense-)Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 10.97 0 0 10.97 451.92 399.12 Tm (free)Tj 11 0 0 11 469.68 399.12 Tm (, royalty-)Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.34 0 0 11.34 87.6 374.88 Tm (free or low-royalty commitment from the patentee. )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 12.36 0 0 12.36 155.52 347.04 Tm (Restoring Competition in a Market for a Standard is Not )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 12.34 0 0 12.34 155.52 333.36 Tm (Equivalent to Restoring Competition in a Market for Patented )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.81 0 0 11.81 155.52 319.92 Tm (Technology )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_2 1 Tf 5 0 0 5 120.48 293.28 Tm (As a result of the foregoing, approximating a hypothetical )Tj 53.712 -0.384 Td (ex ante )Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.41 0 0 11.41 424.8 291.12 Tm (negotiation aimed )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.41 0 0 11.41 86.64 266.4 Tm (at restoring competition lost as a result of Rambus)Tj 20.214 -0.147 Td (' failure to disclose its relevant patents )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_2 1 Tf 5 0 0 5 86.4 239.52 Tm (must consider the )Tj 16.752 -0.096 Td (ex ante \001)Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.47 0 0 11.47 205.44 238.8 Tm (intentions of JEDEC with respect to openness. Conflating the )Tj 11.44 0 0 11.44 86.16 212.4 Tm (market for an open standard with the market for technology that can serv\ e as a standard )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_2 1 Tf 5 0 0 5 259.68 183.84 Tm (ex ante\001)Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_1 1 Tf 10.2 0 0 10.2 86.16 185.04 Tm (should be avoided. Thus)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 5 0 0 5 198.24 184.32 Tm (, because the )Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 11.49 0 0 11.49 294.96 183.6 Tm (auction model of reasonable and )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 9.14 0 0 9.14 88.8 129.36 Tm (See )Tj 9.65 0 0 9.65 125.52 129.36 Tm (Decision at 75 \(" )Tj 9.61 0 0 9.61 198.72 128.88 Tm (Sun \(Microsystems\) as a company would have strongly opposed the use of\ )Tj 9.18 0 0 9.18 85.44 118.08 Tm (royalty-)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 8.7 0 0 8.7 114.96 117.84 Tm (bearing elements in an interface patent-)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 9.58 0 0 9.58 268.32 116.88 Tm (in an interface specification )Tj ET EMC endstream endobj 1144 0 obj<> endobj 1145 0 obj<> endobj 1146 0 obj<> endobj 1147 0 obj<> endobj 1148 0 obj<> endobj 1149 0 obj<> endobj 1150 0 obj<> endobj 1151 0 obj<> endobj 1152 0 obj<> endobj 1153 0 obj<>stream /Artifact <>BDC q 0 0 0 rg 612 0 0 792 0 0 cm /Im0 Do Q EMC /P <>BDC 0 g 1 i BT /T1_0 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 3 Tr 9.25 0 0 9.25 255.36 792 Tm (, " )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.39 0 0 11.39 91.2 703.44 Tm (nondiscriminatory \(RAND\) licensing commitments by Swanson and Baumol)Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.22 0 0 11.22 443.52 700.56 Tm (, for example )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.37 0 0 11.37 90.96 676.32 Tm (implicitly assumes that standard setting )Tj 11.78 0 0 11.78 273.12 674.64 Tm (paricipants choose among )Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.36 0 0 11.36 398.4 673.68 Tm (competing patented )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.28 0 0 11.28 90.72 649.44 Tm (technologies on a cost-)Tj 11.41 0 0 11.41 194.64 648.48 Tm (performance maximizing basis \(in which royalties are merely one )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.41 0 0 11.41 90.48 622.56 Tm (component of costs\), their model does not provide a suitable framework \ for hypothesizing )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_1 1 Tf 5 0 0 5 90.48 595.2 Tm (about the )Tj 8.88 -0.048 Td (ex ante \001)Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.38 0 0 11.38 170.4 594.72 Tm (outcomes in selecting an open standard. )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 5 0 0 5 124.08 567.84 Tm (SSO )Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 7.73 0 0 7.73 147.6 567.6 Tm (paricipants under the impression that they were )Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 11.39 0 0 11.39 370.32 565.92 Tm (engaged in selecting an open )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_1 1 Tf 5 0 0 5 90 540.96 Tm (standard free of encumbrance by proprietary rights should not be require\ d to obtain )Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.31 0 0 11.31 472.56 538.08 Tm (any )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.4 0 0 11.4 89.76 513.84 Tm (license if the standard ultimately selected is not open because of misle\ ading or deceptive )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.35 0 0 11.35 89.28 486.96 Tm (conduct by a rightholder. A remedy, therefore)Tj 11.62 0 0 11.62 298.56 485.04 Tm (, that saddles such paricipants with even a )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 10.92 0 0 10.92 89.04 459.84 Tm (royalty-)Tj 11.44 0 0 11.44 124.08 459.6 Tm (free compulsory license would not restore the market for the open standa\ rd to what it )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.36 0 0 11.36 89.04 432.72 Tm (would have been but for the unlawful conduct. )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 12.09 0 0 12.09 156.96 404.64 Tm (Some Forms of Patent Licensing Are Consistent With a Less-)Tj 12.38 0 0 12.38 456 402.72 Tm (than-)Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_2 1 Tf 11.3 0 0 11.3 156.96 391.44 Tm (Fully Open Standard )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.39 0 0 11.39 122.16 364.8 Tm (A fully open standard may not be achievable)Tj 17.974 -0.147 Td (, either because any technology that )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.43 0 0 11.43 88.08 338.16 Tm (complies with a chosen standard )Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 239.52 336.96 Tm (wil be proprietar or because any reasonable )Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 11.26 0 0 11.26 450 335.52 Tm (alternative )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.41 0 0 11.41 87.84 311.04 Tm (specification for a standard )Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 7.91 0 0 7.91 214.56 310.08 Tm (wil implicate )Tj 5 0 0 5 281.04 309.36 Tm (some patented technology. In such cases an )Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 11.12 0 0 11.12 482.88 308.16 Tm (SSO )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.38 0 0 11.38 87.6 283.68 Tm (may choose to adopt a ")Tj 11.13 0 0 11.13 197.04 282.96 Tm (less-)Tj 11.21 0 0 11.21 218.16 282.96 Tm (than-)Tj 11.29 0 0 11.29 241.68 282.72 Tm (fully open)Tj 11.47 0 0 11.47 288.24 282.24 Tm (" standard. Where patent rights cannot be avoided )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_1 1 Tf 5 0 0 5 87.36 256.8 Tm (and the )Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 7.2 -0.048 Td (SSO )Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 4.752 -0.048 Td (does not outright prohibit patented specifications )Tj ET EMC /Span <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 9.58 0 0 9.58 374.88 254.64 Tm (\(e. )Tj ET EMC /LI_Title <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.44 0 0 11.44 400.56 254.4 Tm (JEDEC)Tj 11.37 0 0 11.37 435.84 254.4 Tm (, JEDEC Br. at )Tj 11.43 0 0 11.43 87.12 229.92 Tm (5\), the standards body usually strives for openness by requiring patent\ ees to make some form )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 5 0 0 5 86.88 202.56 Tm (of )Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 2.448 0 Td (ex ante )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.41 0 0 11.41 134.16 202.32 Tm (pre-commitment to openness. )Tj 11.44 0 0 11.44 120.72 175.44 Tm (Different SSOs pursue different IP-neutralizing strategies in such circu\ mstances )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 9.74 0 0 9.74 89.28 133.68 Tm (Daniel G. Swanson and Willam J. Baumol )Tj 9.82 0 0 9.82 264 132.24 Tm (Reasonable and Nondiscrimnatory )Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 10.55 0 0 10.55 402.24 131.28 Tm (\(RAD\) Royalties )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 9.55 0 0 9.55 86.4 122.16 Tm (Standards Selection)Tj 9.58 0 0 9.58 162.72 121.68 Tm (, and Control of Market Power )Tj 9.62 0 0 9.62 282.72 120.72 Tm (" 73 Antitrust L. J. 1 \(2005\). )Tj ET EMC endstream endobj 1154 0 obj<>stream /Artifact <>BDC q 0 0 0 rg 612 0 0 792 0 0 cm /Im0 Do Q EMC /P <>BDC 0 g 1 i BT /T1_0 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 3 Tr 9.25 0 0 9.25 255.36 792 Tm (, " )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.39 0 0 11.39 91.2 703.44 Tm (nondiscriminatory \(RAND\) licensing commitments by Swanson and Baumol)Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.22 0 0 11.22 443.52 700.56 Tm (, for example )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.37 0 0 11.37 90.96 676.32 Tm (implicitly assumes that standard setting )Tj 11.78 0 0 11.78 273.12 674.64 Tm (paricipants choose among )Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.36 0 0 11.36 398.4 673.68 Tm (competing patented )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.28 0 0 11.28 90.72 649.44 Tm (technologies on a cost-)Tj 11.41 0 0 11.41 194.64 648.48 Tm (performance maximizing basis \(in which royalties are merely one )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.41 0 0 11.41 90.48 622.56 Tm (component of costs\), their model does not provide a suitable framework \ for hypothesizing )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_1 1 Tf 5 0 0 5 90.48 595.2 Tm (about the )Tj 8.88 -0.048 Td (ex ante \001)Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.38 0 0 11.38 170.4 594.72 Tm (outcomes in selecting an open standard. )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 5 0 0 5 124.08 567.84 Tm (SSO )Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 7.73 0 0 7.73 147.6 567.6 Tm (paricipants under the impression that they were )Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 11.39 0 0 11.39 370.32 565.92 Tm (engaged in selecting an open )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_1 1 Tf 5 0 0 5 90 540.96 Tm (standard free of encumbrance by proprietary rights should not be require\ d to obtain )Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.31 0 0 11.31 472.56 538.08 Tm (any )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.4 0 0 11.4 89.76 513.84 Tm (license if the standard ultimately selected is not open because of misle\ ading or deceptive )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.35 0 0 11.35 89.28 486.96 Tm (conduct by a rightholder. A remedy, therefore)Tj 11.62 0 0 11.62 298.56 485.04 Tm (, that saddles such paricipants with even a )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 10.92 0 0 10.92 89.04 459.84 Tm (royalty-)Tj 11.44 0 0 11.44 124.08 459.6 Tm (free compulsory license would not restore the market for the open standa\ rd to what it )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.36 0 0 11.36 89.04 432.72 Tm (would have been but for the unlawful conduct. )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 12.09 0 0 12.09 156.96 404.64 Tm (Some Forms of Patent Licensing Are Consistent With a Less-)Tj 12.38 0 0 12.38 456 402.72 Tm (than-)Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_2 1 Tf 11.3 0 0 11.3 156.96 391.44 Tm (Fully Open Standard )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.39 0 0 11.39 122.16 364.8 Tm (A fully open standard may not be achievable)Tj 17.974 -0.147 Td (, either because any technology that )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.43 0 0 11.43 88.08 338.16 Tm (complies with a chosen standard )Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 239.52 336.96 Tm (wil be proprietar or because any reasonable )Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 11.26 0 0 11.26 450 335.52 Tm (alternative )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.41 0 0 11.41 87.84 311.04 Tm (specification for a standard )Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 7.91 0 0 7.91 214.56 310.08 Tm (wil implicate )Tj 5 0 0 5 281.04 309.36 Tm (some patented technology. In such cases an )Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 11.12 0 0 11.12 482.88 308.16 Tm (SSO )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.38 0 0 11.38 87.6 283.68 Tm (may choose to adopt a ")Tj 11.13 0 0 11.13 197.04 282.96 Tm (less-)Tj 11.21 0 0 11.21 218.16 282.96 Tm (than-)Tj 11.29 0 0 11.29 241.68 282.72 Tm (fully open)Tj 11.47 0 0 11.47 288.24 282.24 Tm (" standard. Where patent rights cannot be avoided )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_1 1 Tf 5 0 0 5 87.36 256.8 Tm (and the )Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 7.2 -0.048 Td (SSO )Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 4.752 -0.048 Td (does not outright prohibit patented specifications )Tj ET EMC /Span <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 9.58 0 0 9.58 374.88 254.64 Tm (\(e. )Tj ET EMC /Span <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.44 0 0 11.44 400.56 254.4 Tm (JEDEC)Tj 11.37 0 0 11.37 435.84 254.4 Tm (, JEDEC Br. at )Tj 11.43 0 0 11.43 87.12 229.92 Tm (5\), the standards body usually strives for openness by requiring patent\ ees to make some form )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 5 0 0 5 86.88 202.56 Tm (of )Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 2.448 0 Td (ex ante )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.41 0 0 11.41 134.16 202.32 Tm (pre-commitment to openness. )Tj 11.44 0 0 11.44 120.72 175.44 Tm (Different SSOs pursue different IP-neutralizing strategies in such circu\ mstances )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 9.74 0 0 9.74 89.28 133.68 Tm (Daniel G. Swanson and Willam J. Baumol )Tj 9.82 0 0 9.82 264 132.24 Tm (Reasonable and Nondiscrimnatory )Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 10.55 0 0 10.55 402.24 131.28 Tm (\(RAD\) Royalties )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 9.55 0 0 9.55 86.4 122.16 Tm (Standards Selection)Tj 9.58 0 0 9.58 162.72 121.68 Tm (, and Control of Market Power )Tj 9.62 0 0 9.62 282.72 120.72 Tm (" 73 Antitrust L. J. 1 \(2005\). )Tj ET EMC endstream endobj 1155 0 obj<> endobj 1156 0 obj<> endobj 1157 0 obj<> endobj 1158 0 obj<> endobj 1159 0 obj<>stream /Artifact <>BDC 0 g 1 i BT /T1_0 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 3 Tr 6.61 0 0 6.61 336.24 792 Tm (, ")Tj ET EMC /Artifact <>BDC q 0 0 0 rg 612 0 0 792 0 0 cm /Im0 Do Q EMC /Span <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 12.05 0 0 12.05 90.48 699.6 Tm (II.\001)Tj ET EMC /LI_Title <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 12.33 0 0 12.33 124.08 699.36 Tm (An Appropriate Remedy Wil Not Reward Rambus for Demand for the )Tj 12.83 0 0 12.83 124.08 685.68 Tm (Standard )Tj 11.41 0 0 11.41 124.08 658.8 Tm (Tbe second principle that should guide the Commission in fashioning a re\ medy in this )Tj 11.33 0 0 11.33 90.24 632.16 Tm (matter is that Rambus )Tj 11.39 0 0 11.39 190.8 631.44 Tm (' patents do not entitle it to a reward for commercial demand )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.39 0 0 11.39 90.24 605.28 Tm (attributable to the economic benefits of the standard)Tj 11.44 0 0 11.44 327.84 603.6 Tm (, as opposed to the economic benefits of )Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.29 0 0 11.29 90 578.16 Tm (its patented inventions.)Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.25 0 0 11.25 195.36 582 Tm (5 According to Professor Patterson)Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.41 0 0 11.41 353.52 576.24 Tm (, this insight has two important )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.12 0 0 11.12 89.52 551.04 Tm (implications: )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.47 0 0 11.47 157.44 523.2 Tm (The first implication is that the patented invention should be )Tj 11.43 0 0 11.43 157.44 509.52 Tm (treated as only one contributor to the economic value of the )Tj 11.44 0 0 11.44 157.68 495.84 Tm (standard. The second implication is that the other contributions )Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 11.4 0 0 11.4 157.44 482.4 Tm (of a standard-)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 11.94 0 0 11.94 227.76 481.92 Tm (like interoperability-should be given )Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 10.28 0 0 10.28 157.2 468.96 Tm (independent legal significance. )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.45 0 0 11.45 122.64 442.08 Tm (Disentangling commercial demand attributable to the patent from the dema\ nd )Tj 11.4 0 0 11.4 88.8 415.44 Tm (attributable to the standard may not always be easy. Consideration of th\ e polar cases can aid )Tj 11.37 0 0 11.37 88.32 388.32 Tm (the analysis. At one extreme)Tj 11.43 0 0 11.43 218.16 387.6 Tm (, technology is so unique and essential that no standard would )Tj 11.44 0 0 11.44 88.08 361.2 Tm (exist but for the existence of the patented innovation. In that case)Tj 11.37 0 0 11.37 386.64 359.28 Tm (, the patented technology )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_2 1 Tf 5 0 0 5 87.84 334.32 Tm (would have become the )Tj 22.176 -0.192 Td (de facto )Tj 7.92 -0.048 Td (standard anyway, irrespective of adoption by an \001)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 44.4 -0.24 Td (SSO )Tj 11.14 0 0 11.14 484.08 331.92 Tm (and )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.46 0 0 11.46 87.6 307.2 Tm (little or no demand should be attributed to the standard. At the other e\ xtreme)Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.51 0 0 11.51 439.44 305.04 Tm (, a multitude of )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.41 0 0 11.41 87.6 279.84 Tm (alternative specifications are available to serve as a standard)Tj 11.42 0 0 11.42 363.12 278.16 Tm (, in which case incorporating )Tj 11.43 0 0 11.43 86.88 252.96 Tm (patented technology is unlikely to be )Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 10.48 0 0 10.48 258.24 251.76 Tm (necessar and would serve no useful )Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.53 0 0 11.53 428.4 250.8 Tm (purpose. If )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.44 0 0 11.44 86.64 225.84 Tm (patented technology nonetheless found its way into such a standard)Tj 11.79 0 0 11.79 395.04 223.92 Tm (, all the demand stil )Tj 11.44 0 0 11.44 86.88 198.72 Tm (would be due solely to the benefits of the standard because separate dem\ and for the patent )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 9.58 0 0 9.58 89.52 152.4 Tm (The following discussion draws heavily from Mark R. Patterson )Tj 9.55 0 0 9.55 342.48 150.96 Tm (Inventions)Tj 9.57 0 0 9.57 383.76 150.72 Tm (, Industry Standards)Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 9.26 0 0 9.26 461.28 150.24 Tm (, and )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 9.5 0 0 9.5 86.4 141.12 Tm (Intellectual Property,)Tj 9.52 0 0 9.52 167.28 140.4 Tm (" 17 BerkeleyTech.)Tj 9.28 0 0 9.28 241.68 140.16 Tm (L.J. )Tj 9.29 0 0 9.29 259.68 139.92 Tm (1043 \(2002\). )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 5 0 0 5 89.04 118.08 Tm (Id. )Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 8.23 0 0 8.23 102.24 118.08 Tm (at 1045. )Tj ET EMC endstream endobj 1160 0 obj<>stream /Artifact <>BDC 0 g 1 i BT /T1_0 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 3 Tr 6.61 0 0 6.61 336.24 792 Tm (, ")Tj ET EMC /Artifact <>BDC q 0 0 0 rg 612 0 0 792 0 0 cm /Im0 Do Q EMC /Span <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 12.05 0 0 12.05 90.48 699.6 Tm (II.\001)Tj ET EMC /Span <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 12.33 0 0 12.33 124.08 699.36 Tm (An Appropriate Remedy Wil Not Reward Rambus for Demand for the )Tj 12.83 0 0 12.83 124.08 685.68 Tm (Standard )Tj 11.41 0 0 11.41 124.08 658.8 Tm (Tbe second principle that should guide the Commission in fashioning a re\ medy in this )Tj 11.33 0 0 11.33 90.24 632.16 Tm (matter is that Rambus )Tj 11.39 0 0 11.39 190.8 631.44 Tm (' patents do not entitle it to a reward for commercial demand )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.39 0 0 11.39 90.24 605.28 Tm (attributable to the economic benefits of the standard)Tj 11.44 0 0 11.44 327.84 603.6 Tm (, as opposed to the economic benefits of )Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.29 0 0 11.29 90 578.16 Tm (its patented inventions.)Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.25 0 0 11.25 195.36 582 Tm (5 According to Professor Patterson)Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.41 0 0 11.41 353.52 576.24 Tm (, this insight has two important )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.12 0 0 11.12 89.52 551.04 Tm (implications: )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.47 0 0 11.47 157.44 523.2 Tm (The first implication is that the patented invention should be )Tj 11.43 0 0 11.43 157.44 509.52 Tm (treated as only one contributor to the economic value of the )Tj 11.44 0 0 11.44 157.68 495.84 Tm (standard. The second implication is that the other contributions )Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 11.4 0 0 11.4 157.44 482.4 Tm (of a standard-)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 11.94 0 0 11.94 227.76 481.92 Tm (like interoperability-should be given )Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 10.28 0 0 10.28 157.2 468.96 Tm (independent legal significance. )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.45 0 0 11.45 122.64 442.08 Tm (Disentangling commercial demand attributable to the patent from the dema\ nd )Tj 11.4 0 0 11.4 88.8 415.44 Tm (attributable to the standard may not always be easy. Consideration of th\ e polar cases can aid )Tj 11.37 0 0 11.37 88.32 388.32 Tm (the analysis. At one extreme)Tj 11.43 0 0 11.43 218.16 387.6 Tm (, technology is so unique and essential that no standard would )Tj 11.44 0 0 11.44 88.08 361.2 Tm (exist but for the existence of the patented innovation. In that case)Tj 11.37 0 0 11.37 386.64 359.28 Tm (, the patented technology )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_2 1 Tf 5 0 0 5 87.84 334.32 Tm (would have become the )Tj 22.176 -0.192 Td (de facto )Tj 7.92 -0.048 Td (standard anyway, irrespective of adoption by an \001)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 44.4 -0.24 Td (SSO )Tj 11.14 0 0 11.14 484.08 331.92 Tm (and )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.46 0 0 11.46 87.6 307.2 Tm (little or no demand should be attributed to the standard. At the other e\ xtreme)Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.51 0 0 11.51 439.44 305.04 Tm (, a multitude of )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.41 0 0 11.41 87.6 279.84 Tm (alternative specifications are available to serve as a standard)Tj 11.42 0 0 11.42 363.12 278.16 Tm (, in which case incorporating )Tj 11.43 0 0 11.43 86.88 252.96 Tm (patented technology is unlikely to be )Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 10.48 0 0 10.48 258.24 251.76 Tm (necessar and would serve no useful )Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.53 0 0 11.53 428.4 250.8 Tm (purpose. If )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.44 0 0 11.44 86.64 225.84 Tm (patented technology nonetheless found its way into such a standard)Tj 11.79 0 0 11.79 395.04 223.92 Tm (, all the demand stil )Tj 11.44 0 0 11.44 86.88 198.72 Tm (would be due solely to the benefits of the standard because separate dem\ and for the patent )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 9.58 0 0 9.58 89.52 152.4 Tm (The following discussion draws heavily from Mark R. Patterson )Tj 9.55 0 0 9.55 342.48 150.96 Tm (Inventions)Tj 9.57 0 0 9.57 383.76 150.72 Tm (, Industry Standards)Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 9.26 0 0 9.26 461.28 150.24 Tm (, and )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 9.5 0 0 9.5 86.4 141.12 Tm (Intellectual Property,)Tj 9.52 0 0 9.52 167.28 140.4 Tm (" 17 BerkeleyTech.)Tj 9.28 0 0 9.28 241.68 140.16 Tm (L.J. )Tj 9.29 0 0 9.29 259.68 139.92 Tm (1043 \(2002\). )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 5 0 0 5 89.04 118.08 Tm (Id. )Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 8.23 0 0 8.23 102.24 118.08 Tm (at 1045. )Tj ET EMC endstream endobj 1161 0 obj<> endobj 1162 0 obj<> endobj 1163 0 obj<> endobj 1164 0 obj<> endobj 1165 0 obj<> endobj 1166 0 obj<> endobj 1167 0 obj<> endobj 1168 0 obj<> endobj 1169 0 obj<> endobj 1170 0 obj<>stream /Artifact <>BDC q 0 0 0 rg 612 0 0 792 0 0 cm /Im0 Do Q EMC /P <>BDC 0 g 1 i BT /T1_0 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 3 Tr 11.86 0 0 11.86 276.24 696.24 Tm (Conclusion )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.35 0 0 11.35 122.88 670.56 Tm (Based on the foregoing arguments)Tj 11.4 0 0 11.4 279.6 669.6 Tm (, the American Antitrust Institute)Tj 11.22 0 0 11.22 431.28 669.12 Tm (, Inc. respectfully )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.4 0 0 11.4 89.04 643.68 Tm (requests that the Commission to order a remedy in this case consistent w\ ith the principles )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_1 1 Tf 9.84 0 0 9.84 89.28 616.8 Tm (advocated herein. )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.47 0 0 11.47 328.56 561.36 Tm (Respectfully submitted )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.22 0 0 11.22 88.32 481.2 Tm (Albert A. Foer )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.8 0 0 11.8 121.68 467.52 Tm (President )Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 10.33 0 0 10.33 363.12 466.32 Tm (Counsel of Record and )Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 11.39 0 0 11.39 88.08 454.08 Tm (American Antitrust Institute)Tj 10.65 0 0 10.65 217.2 453.6 Tm (, Inc. )Tj 11.56 0 0 11.56 362.4 452.88 Tm (Senior Research Fellow )Tj 11.71 0 0 11.71 88.32 440.64 Tm (2919 Ellcott Street )Tj 11.51 0 0 11.51 328.08 439.44 Tm (Jonathan L. Rubin)Tj 10.28 0 0 10.28 413.52 439.2 Tm (, P. )Tj 11.28 0 0 11.28 87.84 426.96 Tm (Washington)Tj 10.43 0 0 10.43 143.04 426.72 Tm (, D.)Tj 11.39 0 0 11.39 159.36 426.48 Tm (C. 20008 )Tj 11.88 0 0 11.88 329.04 425.76 Tm (1717 K Street)Tj 10.59 0 0 10.59 395.52 425.76 Tm (, N. )Tj 11.32 0 0 11.32 426.24 425.52 Tm (, Suite 600 )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.53 0 0 11.53 327.84 412.32 Tm (Washington)Tj 10.59 0 0 10.59 384.24 412.32 Tm (, D.)Tj 11.32 0 0 11.32 401.04 412.08 Tm (C. 20036 )Tj ET EMC /Span <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.3 0 0 11.3 328.32 398.88 Tm (\(202\))Tj ET EMC /LI_Title <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.3 0 0 11.3 352.7958 398.88 Tm ( 415-)Tj 11.4 0 0 11.4 376.8 398.64 Tm (0616 )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.43 0 0 11.43 87.36 318.96 Tm (Dated: September 29 )Tj 11.4 0 0 11.4 190.32 318.48 Tm (2006 )Tj ET EMC endstream endobj 1171 0 obj<>stream /Artifact <>BDC q 0 0 0 rg 612 0 0 792 0 0 cm /Im0 Do Q EMC /P <>BDC 0 g 1 i BT /T1_0 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 3 Tr 11.86 0 0 11.86 276.24 696.24 Tm (Conclusion )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.35 0 0 11.35 122.88 670.56 Tm (Based on the foregoing arguments)Tj 11.4 0 0 11.4 279.6 669.6 Tm (, the American Antitrust Institute)Tj 11.22 0 0 11.22 431.28 669.12 Tm (, Inc. respectfully )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.4 0 0 11.4 89.04 643.68 Tm (requests that the Commission to order a remedy in this case consistent w\ ith the principles )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_1 1 Tf 9.84 0 0 9.84 89.28 616.8 Tm (advocated herein. )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.47 0 0 11.47 328.56 561.36 Tm (Respectfully submitted )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.22 0 0 11.22 88.32 481.2 Tm (Albert A. Foer )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.8 0 0 11.8 121.68 467.52 Tm (President )Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 10.33 0 0 10.33 363.12 466.32 Tm (Counsel of Record and )Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 11.39 0 0 11.39 88.08 454.08 Tm (American Antitrust Institute)Tj 10.65 0 0 10.65 217.2 453.6 Tm (, Inc. )Tj 11.56 0 0 11.56 362.4 452.88 Tm (Senior Research Fellow )Tj 11.71 0 0 11.71 88.32 440.64 Tm (2919 Ellcott Street )Tj 11.51 0 0 11.51 328.08 439.44 Tm (Jonathan L. Rubin)Tj 10.28 0 0 10.28 413.52 439.2 Tm (, P. )Tj 11.28 0 0 11.28 87.84 426.96 Tm (Washington)Tj 10.43 0 0 10.43 143.04 426.72 Tm (, D.)Tj 11.39 0 0 11.39 159.36 426.48 Tm (C. 20008 )Tj 11.88 0 0 11.88 329.04 425.76 Tm (1717 K Street)Tj 10.59 0 0 10.59 395.52 425.76 Tm (, N. )Tj 11.32 0 0 11.32 426.24 425.52 Tm (, Suite 600 )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.53 0 0 11.53 327.84 412.32 Tm (Washington)Tj 10.59 0 0 10.59 384.24 412.32 Tm (, D.)Tj 11.32 0 0 11.32 401.04 412.08 Tm (C. 20036 )Tj ET EMC /Span <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.3 0 0 11.3 328.32 398.88 Tm (\(202\))Tj ET EMC /Span <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.3 0 0 11.3 352.7958 398.88 Tm ( 415-)Tj 11.4 0 0 11.4 376.8 398.64 Tm (0616 )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.43 0 0 11.43 87.36 318.96 Tm (Dated: September 29 )Tj 11.4 0 0 11.4 190.32 318.48 Tm (2006 )Tj ET EMC endstream endobj 1172 0 obj<>stream /Artifact <>BDC q 0 0 0 rg 612 0 0 792 0 0 cm /Im0 Do Q EMC /Span <>BDC 0 g 1 i BT /T1_0 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 3 Tr 5 0 0 5 232.56 713.28 Tm (e: )Tj ET EMC /LI_Title <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 5 0 0 5 238.32 714.72 Tm (I' )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.32 0 0 11.32 234.72 701.76 Tm (CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.38 0 0 11.38 123.84 676.08 Tm (I HEREBY CERTIFY that on September 29, )Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.16 0 0 11.16 332.64 673.92 Tm (2006)Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.37 0 0 11.37 355.68 673.44 Tm (, I caused )Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_1 1 Tf 7.75 0 0 7.75 401.76 673.2 Tm (tre and correct )Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.42 0 0 11.42 476.16 672.72 Tm (copies of )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_1 1 Tf 5 0 0 5 89.76 662.88 Tm (the Responding Brief of )Tj 22.32 -0.24 Td (Amicus Curiae \001)Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.45 0 0 11.45 273.6 660.96 Tm (American Antitrust Institute)Tj 11.33 0 0 11.33 403.44 659.52 Tm (, Inc. on Issues of )Tj 11.4 0 0 11.4 89.76 649.44 Tm (Remedy in Support of Neither )Tj 11.86 0 0 11.86 230.64 648 Tm (Pary to be served )Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.33 0 0 11.33 315.6 647.04 Tm (as described below. )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.35 0 0 11.35 123.6 622.08 Tm (Service by hand delivery of paper copies)Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.39 0 0 11.39 309.84 619.92 Tm (, including an original)Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_2 1 Tf 10.14 0 0 10.14 411.12 618.96 Tm (, signed version)Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 10.99 0 0 10.99 482.88 618.48 Tm (, and\001)Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_2 1 Tf 9.91 0 0 9.91 90.48 608.88 Tm (12 photocopies)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 11.37 0 0 11.37 158.88 608.16 Tm (, and by electronic mail)Tj 11.19 0 0 11.19 266.64 606.96 Tm (, was provided to:\001)Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.42 0 0 11.42 226.32 580.08 Tm (Donald S. Clark )Tj 12.89 0 0 12.89 226.56 566.64 Tm (Secretar )Tj 11.38 0 0 11.38 226.08 552.96 Tm (鶹ý Trade Commission )Tj 11.36 0 0 11.36 226.08 539.52 Tm (600 Pennsylvania Avenue)Tj 10.43 0 0 10.43 345.36 538.08 Tm (, N. )Tj 11.31 0 0 11.31 376.08 537.84 Tm (, Rm. H-)Tj 10.4 0 0 10.4 417.36 537.6 Tm (159 )Tj 11.43 0 0 11.43 225.6 525.84 Tm (Washington)Tj 10.43 0 0 10.43 281.52 525.36 Tm (, D.)Tj 11.32 0 0 11.32 298.08 525.12 Tm (C. 20580 )Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_1 1 Tf 9.73 0 0 9.73 122.16 486.24 Tm (Service of two )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_1 1 Tf 9.51 0 0 9.51 209.76 485.52 Tm (copies by hand )Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 12.69 0 0 12.69 345.84 484.08 Tm (Service of two copies by )Tj 11.21 0 0 11.21 474.48 482.88 Tm (overnight)Tj 11.26 0 0 11.26 88.08 473.04 Tm (delivery was provided to: )Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_2 1 Tf 10.53 0 0 10.53 311.28 470.88 Tm (delivery was provided to: )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.41 0 0 11.41 88.32 445.92 Tm (Counsel Supporting the Complaint: )Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_1 1 Tf 7.73 0 0 7.73 311.76 443.52 Tm (Counsel for )Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.48 0 0 11.48 367.44 443.04 Tm (Respondent: )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_1 1 Tf 7.96 0 0 7.96 87.84 419.04 Tm (Geoffrey D. Oliver)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 9.58 0 0 9.58 174.24 418.08 Tm (, Esq. )Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.35 0 0 11.35 311.04 416.64 Tm (Gregory P. Stone)Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_2 1 Tf 9.67 0 0 9.67 390.24 415.92 Tm (, Esq. )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.39 0 0 11.39 87.36 405.6 Tm (Assistant Director )Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.36 0 0 11.36 310.56 403.2 Tm (MUNGER)Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.39 0 0 11.39 360.48 402.72 Tm (, TOLLES & OLSON)Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 10.85 0 0 10.85 461.76 402 Tm (, LLP )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.37 0 0 11.37 87.36 391.92 Tm (Bureau of Competition )Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.47 0 0 11.47 310.8 389.76 Tm (355 South Grand Avenue)Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 10.53 0 0 10.53 428.4 388.56 Tm (, 35th Floor )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.4 0 0 11.4 87.12 378.48 Tm (鶹ý Trade Commission )Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.22 0 0 11.22 310.32 376.08 Tm (Los Angeles)Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.44 0 0 11.44 367.68 375.6 Tm (, California 90071-)Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 10.68 0 0 10.68 456.72 374.88 Tm (1560 )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.33 0 0 11.33 86.88 364.56 Tm (Washington)Tj 10.43 0 0 10.43 142.32 364.08 Tm (, D.)Tj 11.45 0 0 11.45 158.64 363.84 Tm (C. 20850 )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.82 0 0 11.82 310.08 348.96 Tm (ADouglas Melamed)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 9.67 0 0 9.67 406.32 348 Tm (, Esq.\001)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 11.25 0 0 11.25 309.84 335.52 Tm (WILMER)Tj 11.43 0 0 11.43 356.16 334.8 Tm (, CUTLER)Tj 11.27 0 0 11.27 407.04 334.56 Tm (, PICKERING)Tj 11.07 0 0 11.07 473.52 334.08 Tm (, HALE\001)Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.35 0 0 11.35 344.4 321.6 Tm (& DORR)Tj 11.17 0 0 11.17 388.32 321.12 Tm (, LLP )Tj 11.28 0 0 11.28 310.8 308.4 Tm (1875 Pennsylvania Ave. )Tj 10.43 0 0 10.43 422.16 307.44 Tm (, N. )Tj 11.38 0 0 11.38 309.36 294.72 Tm (Washington)Tj 10.76 0 0 10.76 365.04 294.48 Tm (, D.)Tj 11.52 0 0 11.52 381.84 294.24 Tm (C. 20006 )Tj ET EMC endstream endobj 1173 0 obj<>stream /Artifact <>BDC q 0 0 0 rg 612 0 0 792 0 0 cm /Im0 Do Q EMC /Span <>BDC 0 g 1 i BT /T1_0 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 3 Tr 5 0 0 5 232.56 713.28 Tm (e: )Tj ET EMC /Span <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 5 0 0 5 238.32 714.72 Tm (I' )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.32 0 0 11.32 234.72 701.76 Tm (CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.38 0 0 11.38 123.84 676.08 Tm (I HEREBY CERTIFY that on September 29, )Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.16 0 0 11.16 332.64 673.92 Tm (2006)Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.37 0 0 11.37 355.68 673.44 Tm (, I caused )Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_1 1 Tf 7.75 0 0 7.75 401.76 673.2 Tm (tre and correct )Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.42 0 0 11.42 476.16 672.72 Tm (copies of )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_1 1 Tf 5 0 0 5 89.76 662.88 Tm (the Responding Brief of )Tj 22.32 -0.24 Td (Amicus Curiae \001)Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.45 0 0 11.45 273.6 660.96 Tm (American Antitrust Institute)Tj 11.33 0 0 11.33 403.44 659.52 Tm (, Inc. on Issues of )Tj 11.4 0 0 11.4 89.76 649.44 Tm (Remedy in Support of Neither )Tj 11.86 0 0 11.86 230.64 648 Tm (Pary to be served )Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.33 0 0 11.33 315.6 647.04 Tm (as described below. )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.35 0 0 11.35 123.6 622.08 Tm (Service by hand delivery of paper copies)Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.39 0 0 11.39 309.84 619.92 Tm (, including an original)Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_2 1 Tf 10.14 0 0 10.14 411.12 618.96 Tm (, signed version)Tj ET EMC /StyleSpan <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 10.99 0 0 10.99 482.88 618.48 Tm (, and\001)Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_2 1 Tf 9.91 0 0 9.91 90.48 608.88 Tm (12 photocopies)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 11.37 0 0 11.37 158.88 608.16 Tm (, and by electronic mail)Tj 11.19 0 0 11.19 266.64 606.96 Tm (, was provided to:\001)Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /T1_0 1 Tf 11.42 0 0 11.42 226.32 580.08 Tm (Donald S. Clark )Tj 12.89 0 0 12.89 226.56 566.64 Tm (Secretar )Tj 11.38 0 0 11.38 226.08 552.96 Tm (鶹ý Trade Commission )Tj 11.36 0 0 11.36 226.08 539.52 Tm (600 Pennsylvania Avenue)Tj 10.43 0 0 10.43 345.36 538.08 Tm (, N. )Tj 11.31 0 0 11.31 376.08 537.84 Tm (, Rm. 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״6xOa1V.<uMϻd coS\טUMն,k[\Zy;6@S`GSI=^AP$(^VBpQ FHh ڿTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTQE!lzΪ:@ց$;(Kt(KʒH;"eIw(,V{t#a]t#NvЍAHn$,rx\%, (ټT={mI~+GA^a9K˯9^[9Qg/W<{{HWQ_?=s<& 'ۈ yNLƤ .Nnot'2e0tez endstream endobj 1473 0 obj<>stream H\0E/"fHb V>8T(W؎|c&1 gv}3pB4x 4]oZYosv0]Lyz7/.N_g6˿OMb^~7^c?+d_F?# `Fxlgvžo̹՛mONlx%xU`KU (( J*JO jgAP!hQ@P>@@P>@P>@P>@P>@P>@P>@P>@P>@P>@P>@P>@P>@P>@P>UͦlWrQYC:PceI8 *ʒ𲃲$ҎH@YeUxn$ n$(ЍD Fb+\¢+U߳ _V,roKGJR#%a/{%{k9y){yUγ_Ѻg/xz%3'crpp=SOS^2ehqJu}|NqyʤO}`1\b/ endstream endobj 1474 0 obj<>stream H\0E3_gX.ŴUΞ!MRi2}"WF'˟_}74cMm ќ38ta^IK=fy:||rvY3-^<|o܅}4Mlĩ~xǷxl~Yx~o%\Ir04:!Nuڽٵ>}ߚ)6˙S7'f#p l6 <<)%*P A' ' (4 D@K ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( (*Jfs+(s T!l(K⾃$MN$,,#PDzGA@YUޣ  g7n$, t#vx=F~u6(bJll׶y[uR.`/k{I8,G˯@^~-GɞZN^^^rK"^^G ̉r.~*ܦ)/28>~LqyʤO}+7dL endstream endobj 1475 0 obj<>stream H\͎0 gn&mĘż}}.dzEg|n||1bnhxsݐ M24,Ie~5t}}zzh?&Ymn ״6xOa1V.<uMϻd coS\טUMն,k[\Zy;6@S`GSI=^AP$(^VBpQ FHh ڿTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTQE!lzΪ:@ց$;(Kt(KʒH;"eIw(,V{t#a]t#NvЍAHn$,rx\%, (ټT={mI~+GA^a9K˯9^[9Qg/W<{{HWQ_?=s<& 'ۈ 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coS\טUMն,k[\Zy;6@S`GSI=^AP$(^VBpQ FHh ڿTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTQE!lzΪ:@ց$;(Kt(KʒH;"eIw(,V{t#a]t#NvЍAHn$,rx\%, (ټT={mI~+GA^a9K˯9^[9Qg/W<{{HWQ_?=s<& 'ۈ yNLƤ .Nnot'2e0tez endstream endobj 1484 0 obj<>stream H\0E3_gX.ŴUΞ!MRi2}"WF'˟_}74cMm ќ38ta^IK=fy:||rvY3-^<|o܅}4Mlĩ~xǷxl~Yx~o%\Ir04:!Nuڽٵ>}ߚ)6˙S7'f#p l6 <<)%*P A' ' (4 D@K ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( (*Jfs+(s T!l(K⾃$MN$,,#PDzGA@YUޣ  g7n$, t#vx=F~u6(bJll׶y[uR.`/k{I8,G˯@^~-GɞZN^^^rK"^^G ̉r.~*ܦ)/28>~LqyʤO}+7dL endstream endobj 1485 0 obj<>stream H\0E @zmfӸ$=MRI.;7Iؘ<*/MuNGu~,Ȩ-􃛋2[c7)ʗn˫zeQP!vEm q[Z2w)ͤm/nꆨŋJ~?ōX4Z麶coMk'7]h ;88*jZ `pN+UA  >*H რ >*H რ >*H რ >*H0PQ6"$Pc@cdqMKՐšH;"dqw v{pápaw H;,ph:=qu4TG浨oj5\,z٣8rv/H >^#es9@/AE/Kˊrl.8]%3&cr``(_4xL”6Ii)>Ed endstream endobj 1486 0 obj<>stream H\0E/"fHb V>8T(W؎|c&1 gv}3pB4x 4]oZYosv0]Lyz7/.N_g6˿OMb^~7^c?+d_F?# `Fxlgvžo̹՛mONlx%xU`KU (( J*JO jgAP!hQ@P>@@P>@P>@P>@P>@P>@P>@P>@P>@P>@P>@P>@P>@P>@P>UͦlWrQYC:PceI8 *ʒ𲃲$ҎH@YeUxn$ n$(ЍD Fb+\¢+U߳ _V,roKGJR#%a/{%{k9y){yUγ_Ѻg/xz%3'crpp=SOS^2ehqJu}|NqyʤO}`1\b/ endstream endobj 1487 0 obj<>stream H\0E/gE|@b .bڪ7" ! }}_ ±+_}7x41]/1&sL/Li&a(|~y߷ϼxw5ISghIcן/~]6 oX!ݼoL$K`J4:ПRvgm+Rf6̱՛mgvV <<)&X+!(PT +G *4 $@K ( ; ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( (**fs(s!l%qAY΂$,,#PD~džjGM7EA7ήdHXlЍD Fb-\¢kU߳ _,r˯sGʀ\#%0a/{%{K9y){yUγ_Ѻg/ x>98\8>Tc_2"elqJu}e)?E.c endstream endobj 1488 0 obj<> endobj 1489 0 obj<>stream application/pdf Responding Brief of Amicus Curiae American Antitrust Institute, Inc. 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0000750996 00000 n 0000751627 00000 n 0000752257 00000 n 0000752892 00000 n 0000753522 00000 n 0000754156 00000 n 0000754373 00000 n trailer <]/Prev 498801 >> startxref 757855 %%EOF